Complete Guide to Emigrating to the United States

Have you thought about alternatives to build a better future? You probably share the dream of thousands who long to emigrate to the U.S. in search of job and financial stability. Although the idea is tempting, it’s important to do it in an orderly and legal way to avoid issues with the U.S. government.

Beyond better job opportunities, people emigrate seeking education, family reunification, and safety.

The process to live legally in the U.S. can be overwhelming and confusing. This guide explains, step by step, how to emigrate to the United States to work, study, and reside.

Main Options to Emigrate to the United States

First, understand the different visa categories you can apply for to legally enter the U.S.—whether for work, family ties, or other categories.

These are the visa categories:

Employment

If your goal is to find job opportunities in the United States, you need to understand the work visa options.

• H-1B visa: for specialized professionals with a university degree or equivalent experience.

• H-2B visa: temporary non-agricultural workers.

• H-2A visa: temporary agricultural workers.

• TN visa: (NAFTA/USMCA) for Mexican and Canadian citizens in specific professions.

• EB-5 visa: for investors able to create at least 10 U.S. jobs. Also a pathway to permanent residence.

Family

Another path is the family-sponsored Green Card, which lets U.S. citizens and permanent residents help certain relatives obtain legal status.

U.S. citizens may petition for a spouse, unmarried or married children, parents, and siblings; permanent residents may petition for a spouse and unmarried children under 21.

Processing times vary but can be around 18 months. In general, the card is issued with a 10-year validity.

Visa Lottery

If you don’t fit employment or family categories, you can consider the Diversity Visa (DV Lottery), which grants 55,000 lawful permanent resident visas to nationals from countries with low U.S. immigration rates.

These are the requirements to apply:

• Be from an eligible country.

• Have a high school education and at least two years of experience in an occupation.

• Complete the online form during October–November.

Other options

Lastly, there are other alternatives for foreign nationals who don’t fit the categories above.

• Student visa (F-1 or M-1).

• Exchange visitor visa.

• Asylum or refugee status.

• Humanitarian parole or special programs.

Step-by-Step to Start Your Immigration Process

Below is the visa application process step by step.

Step 1. Research the most viable path for your profile.

First, analyze your goals in the U.S. and which visa category best fits your profile.

Step 2. Estimate process costs and initial cost of living in the U.S.

Immigrant visa costs vary by category. For example, in family sponsorship, Form I-130 or I-140 ranges from $535 to $700.

Check exact fees on the official U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services website.

Step 3. Gather required documents (certificates, passports, diplomas, records, proof of income, etc.).

Each visa type requires specific documents; below is a general list of the most important items.

Valid passport.

• DS-160 (temporary visas) or DS-260 (immigrant visas).

• Proof of consular fee payment.

• Recent visa-style photo (2x2 inches).

• Job offer letter.

• USCIS employment authorization document.

• Academic certificates, diplomas, professional degrees.

• Proof of work experience.

• Proof of financial solvency or bank statements.

Step 4. If needed, improve your English before emigrating.

While the immigrant community is large, you’ll still need at least basic English to communicate.

Step 5. Check USCIS official sources to confirm current forms and fees.

Forms and fees vary by visa type. Always consult USCIS official information.

Also keep these practical tips in mind to avoid common mistakes.

• Avoid unlicensed consultants.

• Don’t make payments on unofficial sites. Make sure URLs end in .gov.

• Keep digital copies of all official documents for easy backup.

State Options for Emigrating to the U.S. and Costs to Consider

The next key step is choosing the state where you’ll arrive once you get your visa. This choice can directly impact your success due to the cost of living, job opportunities, and minimum wage.

Several states are attractive due to job variety, access to services, and support networks.

Here is a comparative table of some of the U.S. states for immigrants.

State

Average cost to rent a room

Average cost to rent a family home

State or federal minimum wage

Texas

$1,130

$1,400

Federal minimum wage $7.25 per hour

California

$2,600

$3,500

$14.00 per hour

Florida

$1,290

$2,000

$11.00 per hour

New York

$2,125

$2,300

$15.50 per hour

Illinois

$1,140

$1,300

$15.00 per hour

Arizona

$1,171

$1,400

Federal minimum wage $7.25 per hour

Helpful Tips for a Successful Transition

Emigrating requires financial, legal, and emotional preparation. These tips help you transition more smoothly.

• Once in the U.S., open a checking account to facilitate payments and salary deposits.

• Create an initial budget for the first 3–6 months.

• Line up temporary housing before traveling—family or friends if possible.

• Learn how the healthcare system and insurance work.

• Learn how credit history works and how to start building it.

Build Your New Financial Life in the U.S. with Común

You’re one step closer to starting a new life in the U.S. Once there, you’ll need a reliable service to manage your money.

Meet Común, the financial platform in the U.S.!

Open a checking account with qualifying ID from your home country and send money to Latin America with clear, competitive fees.

Open your Común checking account and take the first step toward financial stability in the U.S.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

If you still have questions, see the section below.

How much money do I need to emigrate to the United States?

Costs depend on the visa type—check USCIS’s official site. Also include travel, housing, and basic living expenses.

Which visas are faster to emigrate with?

The TN visa takes about 2–8 weeks; temporary work visas take around 3 months.

What happens if my application is denied?

You can request a review or appeal and make the necessary corrections. If not accepted, you may submit a new application.

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Direct deposit vs wire transfer: comparison guide for U.S. immigrants

These payment methods are both available in the U.S. but they are often used for different purposes. Direct deposit is commonly used for paychecks, tax refunds, and government benefits, while wire transfers are more often used for urgent or high-value transfers between financial institutions.

Understanding the difference between direct deposit and wire transfers can help you avoid unnecessary fees, choose the right payment method for your situation, and manage your money more confidently.

What's the difference between direct deposit and wire transfer?

The biggest difference is the purpose they serve. Direct deposit is commonly used for recurring payments such as salaries, benefits, and tax refunds. Wire transfers are commonly used to move money quickly between financial institutions, particularly for large or time-sensitive transactions.

How direct deposit works

Direct deposit is one of the most common payment methods in the United States, particularly for employees receiving wages from an employer. Instead of issuing a paper check, an employer sends the payment electronically to the employee's bank account through the ACH network.

To set up direct deposit you need to provide your employer: your bank's routing number and your personal account number.

How wire transfer works

A wire transfer is an electronic transfer of funds between financial institutions through secure financial networks like Fedwire or SWIFT. Unlike direct deposit, wire transfers are better suited for large one-time payments, urgent payments, real estate transactions, or international transfers.

When to use each one

Use direct deposit for:

• Receiving your paycheck
• IRS tax refunds
• Social security or unemployment benefits
• Recurring business payments

Use wire transfer for:

• Real estate payments (down payment, closing)
• Urgent international transfers
• High-value business payments
• When the recipient specifically requires a wire transfer

How to set up direct deposit with Común

With your Común account, you can set up direct deposit by providing your Común routing number and account number to your employer. Your Común account has unique routing and account numbers available in the app. Visit comun.app to learn more.

FAQ

Is direct deposit faster than wire transfer?

Not necessarily. Domestic wire transfers can be faster (same day), while direct deposits usually take 1-3 business days. However, many accounts offer early access to direct deposits up to 2 days early.

How much does it cost to set up direct deposit?

Setting up direct deposit is generally no fee. Employers use the ACH network to send payroll electronically at no charge to the employee.

Común is a financial technology company and not a bank. Banking services are provided by Community Federal Savings Bank, Member FDIC.

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Unrecognized charge on my debit card: What to do in the United States?

If you notice an unrecognized debit card charge, one of the first steps is to lock your card, verify whether the transaction was actually unauthorized, and contact your financial service provider immediately. If you are a Común debit card holder, you can report suspicious activity directly through the app, email, or WhatsApp support.

Seeing an unrecognized charge on your debit card can be stressful, especially if you rely on your account for rent, groceries, transportation, or sending money to family. Unauthorized transactions can happen for many reasons, and debit card users in the United States have certain protections under the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) and Regulation E.

It is also important to understand that not every unfamiliar transaction is considered fraud. Some charges may come from subscriptions, merchants using different billing names, or purchases made by someone who had permission to use the card.

What is an 'unrecognized' vs 'unauthorized' charge?

An unrecognized debit card transaction

is a transaction you do not immediately recognize. This does not necessarily mean fraud occurred. Examples: a merchant billing under a different legal name, a forgotten subscription renewal, a delayed hotel or gas station authorization, a trial membership converting into a paid subscription, or a family member using the card.

An unauthorized charge

generally means someone used your debit card or account information without your permission. Examples: purchases made after your card was lost or stolen, online purchases you did not authorize, potentially fraudulent recurring charges, or transactions occurring after your credentials were compromised.

It is important to understand that if you voluntarily gave your card, PIN, password, or account access to a family member, partner, or friend, those transactions may not qualify as unauthorized under Regulation E.

How can I identify a suspicious charge?

Checklist for an unrecognized debit card charge:

• Review the merchant name carefully — many businesses process payments under a parent company or billing processor that looks unfamiliar
• Check the transaction date — some charges appear several days after the original purchase
• Look for recurring subscriptions — streaming platforms, delivery apps, gyms, and trial memberships commonly renew automatically
• Verify the location — some online merchants process payments from another state or country even when the transaction was legitimate
• Ask family members — a spouse, child, roommate, or trusted person could have used the card
• Watch for small 'test' charges — fraudsters sometimes attempt small transactions before attempting larger purchases

What to do right away if you notice an unauthorized charge?

1. Lock your card immediately

If your financial service provider offers a card lock feature, you can temporarily freeze your card to help prevent additional transactions while you review the activity further.

2. Report the transaction to your financial service provider

Reporting a potentially unauthorized transaction promptly helps preserve certain protections available under applicable law. If you use Común, you can contact support through:

• In-app chat
• Email: ayuda@comun.app
• WhatsApp: +1 646 600 5660

When reporting the transaction, try to include: the transaction amount, merchant name, transaction date, and why you believe the charge is unauthorized.

3. Document everything

Take screenshots and save records of suspicious transactions, text alerts or emails, merchant communications, and subscription cancellation confirmations.

4. Change passwords and security settings

If you suspect your account information was compromised: change your password, update your email password, enable Face ID or Touch ID, review connected devices, remove suspicious app access, and if your PIN may have been exposed, change it immediately.

5. File a police report if appropriate

If your wallet was stolen, your identity may have been compromised, or the situation involves significant financial loss, contacting law enforcement and filing a police report may help support your case.

Your rights as a US Debit Cardholder

Debit card protections in the United States are primarily governed by the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) and Regulation E.

What is the 'Visa Zero Liability' policy?

Visa's Zero Liability policy generally provides protection for eligible unauthorized transactions made with covered Visa debit cards, subject to applicable terms, conditions, and limitations.

Key aspects:

• Protection scope: may apply to certain unauthorized transactions involving lost, stolen, or fraudulently used cards
• No enrollment necessary: the policy applies automatically to eligible Visa cards without requiring special sign-up
• Prompt reporting: to qualify, you must promptly report potentially unauthorized transactions to your financial institution
• Limitations and exclusions: certain transactions, including commercial card or anonymous prepaid card transactions, may not be covered

How does the Común dispute process work?

Once you report an unrecognized or potentially unauthorized debit card transaction to Común, the investigation process may include several stages. Typical timelines may include:

• Initial review beginning within approximately 2 business days
• Potential provisional credit within applicable regulatory timeframes for qualifying disputes
• Extended investigations in certain situations
• Visa dispute or arbitration processes that may take up to approximately 90 days in some cases

What is not covered?

Some situations may not qualify as unauthorized transactions under Regulation E or Visa Zero Liability protections:

• Charges made by family or friends who had access to your card or account
• Transactions you approved but later disputed due to dissatisfaction
• Wallet-only customers without a Común debit card
• ComúnPay P2P transactions funded through external debit cards
• Cases involving negligence or false claims

How can I help prevent unauthorized charges?

Use card lock and unlock features:

Locking your card when not in use may help reduce unauthorized transactions.

Enable real-time transaction alerts:

Instant transaction notifications through the app can help you identify suspicious activity more quickly.

Use Face ID or Touch ID:

Biometric authentication features can help reduce unauthorized account access.

Protect your PIN:

Avoid sharing your PIN, even with people you trust. Never store it in unsecured notes apps or write it directly on your card.

Watch for phishing scams:

Fraudsters may impersonate banks through text messages, fake login pages, phone calls, or social media messages. Banks and service providers will not ask for your password or verification code through text message.

FAQ

What is an unrecognized charge on my debit card?

An unrecognized charge is a transaction you do not immediately recognize on your account. It does not always mean fraud occurred.

How long do I have to report an unrecognized charge?

Under Regulation E in the United States, reporting suspicious transactions promptly is important. Certain consumer protections may decrease after 2 business days and again after 60 days from the date the statement was sent.

Will I get my money back if I report an unauthorized charge?

It depends on the investigation results and whether the transaction qualifies as unauthorized. In some qualifying cases, consumers may receive reimbursement or provisional credit.

What happens if I let a family member use my card?

If you voluntarily shared your card, PIN, password, or account access, the resulting transactions may not qualify as unauthorized under Regulation E or applicable Visa Zero Liability policies.

How long does Común take to resolve a dispute?

Investigations may begin within approximately 2 business days. Some cases may be resolved more quickly, while more complex disputes or Visa dispute processes may take longer, including up to approximately 90 days in certain situations.

Final thoughts

An unrecognized charge on your debit card does not always mean fraud, but it is important to review unfamiliar transactions promptly. In the United States, Regulation E or the Visa Zero Liability protections can help limit your liability for qualifying unauthorized transactions, particularly when reported promptly.

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With Común you can cash a check without going to a bank: take a photo of it in the app and the money is deposited into your account at no cost. You can also use the network of over 88,000 cash-deposit locations if you prefer to cash it in person.

How do I cash a check with the Común app?

Open the app, go to the check deposit section, take a photo of the front and back (make sure it's signed in the endorsement area), and confirm the amount. Mobile check deposit is at no cost.

How long does it take for the check funds to show up?

Timing varies depending on the amount and your account history; the app shows you an estimate before you confirm the deposit.

What are my options if I don't want to use mobile deposit?

Común has a network of over 88,000 cash-deposit locations, and you can withdraw at AllPoint+ ATMs at no cost (3 free withdrawals a month, then $2.50 per withdrawal).

Frequently asked questions

Does cashing a check through the Común app cost anything?

No, mobile check deposit through the app is at no cost.

What do I need to deposit a check through the app?

Just your phone with the Común app, the physical check signed in the endorsement area, and good lighting for the photo.

Can I cash any type of check with Común?

The app guides you through the process; make sure the check is current, properly signed, and has complete information before photographing it.

What happens if my check deposit is rejected?

The app will notify you if there's an issue with the deposit; check that the check's details are legible and complete.

Can I withdraw the cash from a deposited check at an ATM?

Yes, once the deposit shows in your account, you can withdraw at any AllPoint+ ATM at no cost (up to 3 times a month).

Does Común charge for each check I deposit?

No, mobile check deposit has no fee.

Like most financial apps that don't charge a monthly fee, Común generates revenue mainly through interchange fees (a small fee paid by the merchant, not you, every time you use your debit card) and international remittance fees.

If Común doesn't charge a monthly fee, how does it make money?

Mainly through interchange fees — a small fee the merchant pays (not the user) every time the debit card is used — and international remittance fees, which start at $2.99 per transfer.

Does this mean using Común is "free"?

Using your checking account (no monthly fee, no minimum balance) is at no cost to you. International remittances do have a fee, shown transparently before you confirm each transfer.

Why does it matter to understand how your financial provider makes money?

Understanding the business model helps confirm incentives are aligned — a provider that earns from interchange fees benefits from you using your card, not from charging you hidden fees.

Frequently asked questions

Does Común charge any hidden fees if there's no monthly fee?

No, using the checking account is at no cost; the only visible fee is for international remittances, shown before you confirm.

What's an interchange fee?

It's a small fee the merchant pays to the payment network (Visa) every time a customer uses their debit card — the user doesn't pay it.

Does Común make money from my remittances?

Yes, remittance fees (starting at $2.99) are one revenue source, shown transparently before each transfer.

Why do some banks charge a monthly fee and Común doesn't?

It depends on each institution's business model; Común relies more on interchange and remittance fees than account fees.

Does this affect the safety of my money?

No, your money is FDIC-protected up to $250,000 through Community Federal Savings Bank, regardless of Común's revenue model.

Where can I see exact fees before using them?

The app shows applicable fees (like remittance fees) before you confirm any transaction.

Ways to Invest Money and Secure Your Future in the United States

One of the constant concerns for people who leave their home country in search of better opportunities in the United States is financial uncertainty, often caused by poor management and a lack of knowledge about effective strategies to grow their money.

Saving products are an alternative that allows you to save money in the long term while earning interest—returns that depend on the term and the rate offered by the financial institution.

Knowing the different ways to save money is a way to ensure financial stability for you and your family. Below, we explain the types of investments and the safest ways to get started. Please note that investment products are NOT FDIC INSURED, NOT BANK GUARANTEED, and MAY LOSE VALUE.

What Does It Mean to Invest Money and Why Is It Important?

Investing means allocating money toward a goal with the aim of obtaining higher returns in the future. You can do it on your own, through a business, or with formal financial instruments that put the contributed money to work to pay interest over defined time frames.

Here are some benefits of using investment strategies:

• Financial security: gives you the confidence of having a savings fund for the future.

• Financial growth: puts your money to work to generate passive income and avoid losing value due to inflation.

• Family support: helps you plan long-term family projects, such as buying a home or paying for children’s higher education.

How to Define Your Goals and Risk Profile Before Investing

Before you begin, keep in mind that all investments involve some level of risk. If you’re a beginner, it’s essential to start at a level that matches your situation.

You should also be clear about your financial goals—the targets you want to reach in the short, medium, and long term.

Risk Profile

A risk profile is an investor’s ability to handle potential losses caused by market fluctuations.

These are the three main types.

Conservative

This profile is ideal for people not familiar with investing, as it involves low risk. Although returns are steady, they tend to be lower than other investment alternatives. Preferred options include savings accounts and short-term investment funds.

Moderate

This profile suits somewhat more experienced investors who are willing to take moderate risk by combining safer investments with slightly riskier ones to obtain better returns.

Aggressive

This profile is for those who have a strong command of investing. They have a high tolerance for losses and aim for high income through significant long-term investments, typically in the stock market, high-yield funds, and real estate.

Determine Your Risk Profile

Next, define the risk profile that aligns with your personal finances and your experience with these instruments.

Follow these tips to help you make a smart investment.

Step 1. Assess Your Current Financial Situation

Take stock of your finances—consider your income, monthly expenses, debts, and existing savings.

Step 2. Determine Your Investment Goals.

Set exactly what you want to achieve and in what timeframe—for example, buying a home, traveling abroad, paying for medical treatment, or simply building an emergency fund. Remember that long-term investments involve higher risk but can also offer higher returns.

Step 3. Decide How Much You Can Invest Initially.

Based on your budget, determine how much you can allocate to your initial investment and whether you can increase it later.

Step 4. Evaluate Your Risk Tolerance.

Analyze your willingness to accept potential losses and their impact on your personal finances.

Here is a comparative table for clarity.

Investment Profile

Risk Level

Time Horizon

Potential Return

Characteristics

Conservative

Low

Long – Medium

Low

Prioritizes safety over return.

Moderate

Medium

Medium – Long

Low – Medium

Balances safety and returns.

Aggressive

High

Long

High

Seeks to maximize long-term gains, with higher risk.

4 Accessible Investment Options for Beginners

A common misconception is that you need a significant amount of money to become an investor. In reality, there are accessible alternatives that let you start with small amounts, easily.

Here are four ideal options to start investing.

Index Funds

Index funds pool money from multiple investors to buy stocks or bonds.

Main Benefits:

• Automated operation.

• Easy diversification.

• Potential for good long-term returns with little effort.

Certificates of Deposit (CDs)

A certificate of deposit is an investment made directly with a financial institution for a fixed term, meaning you cannot withdraw the money during that period.

Main Benefits:

• A relatively secure way to start investing, as it’s offered by financial institutions.

• Generates steady, predictable returns.

Bonds

Bonds are loans to companies or governments that pay interest periodically and generally carry lower risk.

Main Benefits:

• Income is more predictable.

• A good option to diversify alongside slightly riskier investments.

Digital Investment Accounts

An accessible option that allows you to invest from a mobile application.

Main Benefits:

• Let you start with very small amounts of money.

• Very beginner-friendly for entering the world of investing.

Before choosing an investment vehicle, consider your risk profile. If you prefer stability over returns, CDs or bonds may be ideal.

Avoid “putting all your eggs in one basket.” The key to smart investing is diversifying across several instruments, even with small amounts.

Simple Habits to Invest and Review Your Strategy

When you start investing, it’s important to be realistic, stay patient, and remain consistent with your financial goals.

Here are some simple practices to keep your investments on track.

• Review your investments at least every 3 to 6 months.

• Adjust your strategy as your goals or financial situation change.

• Use digital tools to monitor your progress.

Use Común to Manage Your Money Easily as an Immigrant in the U.S.

Financial management is a responsibility you should entrust to an accessible platform.

Meet Común! The financial service that lets you send, receive, and withdraw money within and outside the United States, quickly, simply, and securely. 

Común is a mobile app that allows you to open an account easily with a qualifying official identification from your home country, so it’s a great option for the immigrant community.

Open your account with Común and start sending, receiving, and withdrawing money. Enjoy Spanish and English language support, clear fees, and a digital platform ideal for the immigrant community in the United States.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

If you still have questions, see the section below. Please note that investment products are NOT FDIC INSURED, NOT BANK GUARANTEED, and MAY LOSE VALUE.

How much money do I need to start investing in the U.S.?

There are quite accessible investment options today, especially digital platforms. Some let you start with amounts as low as $1 or $5, which is ideal for learning to invest.

Is it safe to invest as an immigrant?

Yes—even if you are not a legal resident, you can invest money in the United States. Just make sure to use regulated institutions and platforms.

What if I want to change my investment strategy in the future?

It’s common to change your investment strategy to match your financial goals. Review your investments periodically and make the necessary adjustments according to the applicable timelines.

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An SSN (Social Security Number) is a 9-digit number issued by the U.S. government. It is required for working legally, filing taxes, and accessing financial services in the United States. As an immigrant, you may apply for an SSN if you have an eligible visa or Green Card — or use an ITIN as an alternative. If you have newly arrived in the U.S., you likely have questions about how to handle certain procedures. Therefore, we will explain what the SSN is, what it is for, how to apply for it, how much it costs, and what the benefits are of having this identifier.

What is the Social Security Number (SSN)?

The Social Security Number (SSN) is a series of 9 digits issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA, or Administración del Seguro Social in Spanish). It is issued to citizens, permanent residents, and eligible temporary residents, in accordance with their immigration status.

Its main function is to serve as a unique identification number that allows the government to track specific data for each person, such as their income, financial information, and employment history. This makes it possible to determine, in each particular case, eligibility to access Social Security benefits such as retirement, disability, among others.

In addition to facilitating access to these benefits, the Social Security card serves as official identification for employment onboarding, driver’s licenses (in some states), and opening bank accounts.

How to obtain the Social Security Number in the United States?

An important point about the Social Security Number in the U.S. is that there are three different types:

• For citizens born in the United States 
• For citizens born abroad
• For non-citizens with lawful resident status

In the case of lawful permanent residents, it is necessary to obtain a Green Card or a visa with valid work authorization issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), such as H-1B or L-1.

The process of obtaining the SSN varies depending on immigration characteristics. If you requested the SSN during your visa processing—through the “Application for Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration” form or the DS-260 electronic format, “Immigrant Visa Electronic Application”—DHS will contact the Social Security Administration directly to carry out the process.

Get your SSN in just 4 steps

If you did not request the SSN during your visa process, the first thing you should do is gather the following documentation:

• A valid passport with the Machine Readable Immigrant Visa (MRIV) or a Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551)
• Birth certificate

Once you have gathered the documentation, follow these steps:

1. Download and complete the SS-5 application
2. Go to an SSA office
3. Present the original documents
4. Wait 7 to 14 days to receive the Social Security card by mail

What to do if your SSN card is lost?

If your Social Security card is lost, it is important to take security measures immediately to avoid identity theft, fraud, or misuse of your personal data.

Report the theft or loss of this document to the police and then file a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Afterwards, go to the Social Security Administration, complete the SS-5 form again, and bring the corresponding documents for replacement of the card.

Avoid carrying the card with you unless necessary and keep it in a safe place. Generally, you do not need to present your physical card but rather the number, which does not change even if you replace the card.

5 benefits of having an SSN

If you are still wondering what the SSN is for, you should know that this document provides multiple benefits of different kinds, such as the following:

1. Employment

For permanent residents, the greatest benefit of the SSN is that it grants work authorization, enables income tracking, as well as the payment of taxes and legal obligations. Presenting this document is an indispensable requirement during formal hiring processes in the United States.

2. Credit

The SSN is also typically required to apply for loans and credit from banks and financial institutions in the United States; in this way you can access assets such as real estate, a car, or other types of services.

3. Banking services

Accessing financial services is essential for immigrant workers in the United States, whether to receive wages or send money to their countries of origin. Generally, the SSN is a requirement to access a bank account and credit and debit cards, among other services.

4. Government benefits

There are other benefits available, such as unemployment insurance in the event of dismissal, and access to retirement and Medicare starting at age 65, for eligible permanent residents.

5. Taxes

The SSN functions as the taxpayer’s personal identification number, which makes it easier to file tax returns and report income and expenses. Another alternative for residents who do not have an SSN is the ITIN, issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which serves to fulfill tax obligations and grants other benefits.

In short, the Social Security Number—beyond being an administrative procedure—facilitates economic and social integration in the United States because it serves to track income and expenses and facilitates access to basic rights such as work, health, and banking, which are essential for integrating into society.

How much does it cost to get an SSN?

It is important to clarify that the Social Security card process does not involve any cost, whether you do it for the first time or as a replacement due to theft or loss.

Stay alert to potential fraud and avoid making payments to unauthorized third parties. If you have any doubts, go directly to your local Social Security office and report any suspicious activity.

Read more: Don’t miss our guide to investment basics for immigrants

Simplify your financial life upon arriving in the United States with Comun

As you can see, the SSN is highly relevant to establishing a stable life in the United States because it facilitates access to work, health services, and financial products that are essential for carrying out daily tasks such as payments and money transfers.

Comun is a financial platform designed to make life easier for immigrants in the United States by facilitating their integration into the financial system from day one.

• Open your account with an official ID from your country of origin
• Receive a Visa debit card and make purchases easily in physical stores and online
• Access a mobile application and manage your finances from the palm of your hand
• Send remittances to your home country for a fee starting at $2.99 USD, up to the applicable limits
• Forget about hidden fees and complicated processes
• Access support available in Spanish and English

With Comun, discover the most accessible way to manage your finances for everyday life in the United States.

Frequently Asked Questions

If you still have questions, consult our Frequently Asked Questions section.

What should I do if someone uses my SSN without permission?

Report immediately at IdentityTheft.gov and place a fraud alert.

How many times can I replace my SSN card?

Up to 3 times per year and a maximum of 10 times in your lifetime.

Is it mandatory to have an SSN to open an account with Comun?

Comun allows you to open an account with official ID from your country. 

A debit card is a bank card that lets you make purchases and withdraw money using funds available in your bank account. A debit card looks a lot like a credit card, but it works differently. When you use a debit card, the money is deducted directly from your bank account. That means you can only use the card if you have enough available funds — otherwise, the transaction won't go through.

Who Issues Debit Cards for Consumers?

Debit cards are issued by banks and are linked to individual checking accounts. You can get a debit card by opening a bank account at any bank or credit union that offers this service.

Many banking institutions also offer other digital services, like mobile and online banking, that let you manage your account over the internet or through a mobile device. In general, all banks offer services designed for people with different needs and income levels, giving nearly every adult access to banking.

Even though debit cards are easy to use, you should be careful with them. If you lose your card or it's stolen, report it to your bank immediately to prevent fraud or misuse. You should also regularly check your statements for fraudulent transactions or errors. With a bit of care, debit cards can be a useful tool for managing your money and making purchases online and in person.

How Can You Use Your Debit Card to Make Purchases or Withdraw Money From an ATM?

There are many ways to use a debit card to make purchases or withdraw money from an ATM.

To make a purchase, you can insert your card into the point-of-sale (POS) terminal and select "debit" as your payment method. Then enter your PIN and select the purchase amount.

To withdraw money from an ATM, insert your card into the machine's slot and select "checking/savings." Then enter your PIN and select the amount you want to withdraw.

You can also use your debit card to make payments online or by phone. To make an online payment, enter your card details on the merchant's website. To make a payment by phone, call the merchant's customer service number and provide your card details when asked.

What Protection Do Visa Debit Cards Have Against Unauthorized Charges?

If you have a Visa card, you're protected by Visa's Zero Liability policy. This policy guarantees you won't be held responsible for any unauthorized charges made with your card. That means if someone steals your card or uses it without your permission, you won't have to pay for those charges.

Visa's Zero Liability policy applies to all Visa cards, including debit and credit cards. It also applies to all transactions, including online and in-person transactions. This policy was put in place to help protect consumers against fraud and identity theft.

If you're a victim of fraud or identity theft, be sure to report it right away. You can call Visa's toll-free number 24/7 to report any incident. Visa will work with you to resolve the issue and help protect your money and identity.

What Are Virtual Debit Cards?

A virtual card is a card that isn't physical — it exists only in the digital world. Virtual cards are often used for online purchases, since they offer more security than using a regular debit card.

One of the benefits of virtual cards is that they can be used to limit how much money is spent on a purchase. For example, if you're buying something online and want to make sure you don't go over budget, you can use a virtual card instead of your regular credit or debit card. This can help you stay within budget and avoid racking up debt. Likewise, if your information is stolen during a transaction, the thief won't be able to access your other cards. This can help prevent fraud and keep your personal information safe.

If you're interested in getting a virtual card, there are a few things you should know. First, not all banks offer virtual cards, so you may need to open a new account at a bank that offers this service. Second, not all merchants accept virtual cards, so there may be some places where you can't use them. Finally, virtual cards sometimes come with associated fees, so be sure to read the terms and conditions before using one.

The Benefits of Común

When you get a checking account with Común, you'll get two debit cards: a physical one and a virtual one.

The physical card lets you make purchases at any business, and offers security thanks to its contactless capability and chip. This prevents your card details from being cloned or used for fraud.

The virtual card lets you make online purchases with more confidence, since contactless technology and chip protection aren't available on the internet — but if fraud does happen, the card can be canceled and replaced immediately. You can contact our support team anytime to report these cases.

Común debit cards work at more than 55,000 ATMs across the United States for deposits and withdrawals, and are protected by Visa's Zero Liability policy. That means any unauthorized charge won't be deducted from your checking account balance.

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A prepaid card is loaded with money in advance and generally is not linked to a traditional checking account. A debit card is linked to a checking account, and money is taken directly from the available balance in that account. A debit card is generally connected to additional banking features, such as account statements, direct deposit, and other account services.

The main difference is their connection to a bank account, as a debit card draws funds directly from a checking account, while a prepaid card requires you to load money onto it in advance. Neither prepaid cards nor debit cards typically help you build a credit score because they generally are not reported to the major credit bureaus.

What is a prepaid card?

A prepaid card is a payment card that must be loaded with funds before it can be used. Spending is limited to the amount loaded onto the card. They are commonly available through retail stores and financial service providers.

Prepaid cards are commonly used for everyday purchases, online payments, and sending or receiving limited funds. Prepaid cards can be reloadable, meaning you can add money again after spending the balance. Some also allow direct deposit, but the features available depend on the provider.

Because prepaid cards are generally not linked to a traditional checking account, they may not include features such as full account statements, overdraft services, or other banking features. Available services vary by provider.

What is a debit card?

A debit card is linked to a checking account. When a purchase is made, the money is taken directly from the account balance.

Debit cards are commonly used for daily spending, online purchases, ATM withdrawals, and bill payments. They are also commonly used for receiving income through direct deposit from employers or other payment sources.

Because the card is connected to an account, all transactions are recorded in account statements. These statements can be used to track spending, income deposits, and account activity over time.

A debit card generally reflects your available account balance as transactions are processed.

Prepaid card vs. debit card: main differences

Prepaid cards and debit cards can look similar in everyday use, but they operate in different ways behind the scenes. The comparison below breaks down how each one works across key features such as account access, fees, deposits, and financial tools. Común’s debit card is included to be used as an example of a debit card.

This comparison shows how prepaid cards and debit cards differ in structure, cost, and financial features, especially when it comes to account access and long-term use. A debit card linked to a checking account can offer more functionality, including direct deposit and account statements. Eligible customers can open a Común checking account using a Passport or certain Latin American IDs.

What are the disadvantages of prepaid cards?

Prepaid cards can be useful for basic spending, but they can have limitations depending on how they are used.

One common limitation is cost structure. Many prepaid cards may charge fees for adding money, withdrawing cash, or maintaining the card. The types and amounts of fees vary by provider.

Some prepaid cards also have limits on deposits, withdrawals, or transfers.

Another limitation is access to financial features. Prepaid cards usually do not include all of the features available with a traditional checking account, such as detailed account statements, bill payment tools, or other banking services.

Can immigrants get a debit card without a Social Security Number?

Some financial institutions and service providers allow individuals to open accounts using alternative identification instead of a Social Security Number. Accepted identification varies by institution and may include a passport or other forms of government issued identification.

Verification is still required to confirm identity under U.S. financial rules, but the documents accepted can vary by provider.

Once the account is approved, a debit card is issued and linked to the checking account. It can then be used for purchases, withdrawals, and direct deposits.

In the United States, some financial service providers accept different forms of identifications for their verification process. For example, Común accepts passports and more than 100 Latin American IDs to open an account.

When does it make sense to use a prepaid card?

A prepaid card can be useful for basic spending, short-term use, or situations where a traditional checking account is not available.

It can also be used as a budgeting tool since spending is limited to the loaded balance.

Some people use prepaid cards as a first step in the U.S. financial system before moving toward debit accounts with more features.

How to switch from a prepaid card to a debit card

Switching from a prepaid card to a debit card usually involves opening a checking account and moving recurring payments or deposits to the new account.

Once the account is open, money can be added through direct deposit, transfers, or other supported methods depending on the provider.

Some users keep their prepaid card active during the transition period while updating payment information across services.

If you’re considering switching from a prepaid card, Común offers a checking account with a debit card that eligible customers can open using a passport or accepted Latin American IDs. The account doesn’t have any minimum balance requirements or monthly maintenance fees.

FAQ

Is a prepaid card the same as a debit card?

No, a prepaid card is loaded with money in advance and is not connected to a checking account. A debit card is linked to a checking account and uses the available balance in that account.

Can I use a prepaid card to build credit?

Prepaid cards generally do not build credit because purchases are not typically reported to the major credit bureaus.

What are the fees on a typical prepaid card?

Fees can include monthly maintenance charges, reload fees, and ATM withdrawal fees. The exact cost depends on the provider.

Can I get a debit card without a Social Security Number?

Some services allow account opening using alternative identification such as a passport or national IDs, depending on verification requirements.

What do I need to open a debit card account as an immigrant?

Requirements typically include a valid form of identification, personal information, and verification steps required by the financial provider.

Común is a financial technology company and not a bank. Banking services are provided by Community Federal Savings Bank, Member FDIC. The Común Visa® Debit Card is issued by Community Federal Savings Bank, pursuant to a license from Visa U.S.A. Inc. and may be used everywhere Visa Cards are accepted.

No minimum balance requirements or monthly maintenance fees. ATM or transfer fees may apply. See app for fee details.

Direct deposit funds are typically available when we receive the payment file, up to two days before the scheduled payment date. This early availability is not guaranteed.

Funds in your account are FDIC insured up to applicable limits by ownership category through Community Federal Savings Bank (CFSB), Member FDIC, in the event CFSB fails.

Bank Accounts

Having a bank account is essential for managing your financial life efficiently and offers numerous practical benefits. One of the main advantages is safe money storage. Unlike keeping cash at home, which can be vulnerable to theft, loss, and damage, money kept in a bank account is safe and protected. Additionally, bank accounts provide great convenience for everyday transactions. You can easily pay bills, receive direct deposits, withdraw cash, and make purchases with a debit card linked to your account. Modern banking also lets you manage your finances from virtually anywhere through online and mobile banking platforms.

Types of Bank Accounts: Checking and Savings

In the world of personal finance, understanding the different types of bank accounts is crucial.

• Checking Accounts: Checking accounts, often called personal checking accounts, are designed for everyday transactions like depositing money and debit card purchases. They frequently come with the option of direct deposits and online bill pay. Understanding the differences between checking and savings accounts is essential, especially when considering banking promotions and bonuses that often feature specific offers for opening new checking and savings accounts, including direct deposit requirements and minimum deposits to qualify for cash bonuses.
• Savings Accounts: Savings accounts, including specialized forms like a Barclays savings account, are meant for storing money over a longer period, often with the goal of building an emergency fund. These accounts may offer a higher interest rate and sometimes require a minimum balance. Combining checking and savings accounts can provide a comprehensive banking solution, offering both the flexibility of everyday transactions and the benefit of earning interest on long-term savings, which is particularly advantageous when banks offer promotions and bonuses for these accounts.
• Money Market and CD (Certificate of Deposit) Accounts: Generally offer higher annual percentage yields than regular savings accounts, locking in funds for a specified period to achieve better returns.

Understanding these options helps align banking services with your financial goals, whether you're considering opening a business checking account or a joint savings account at the same bank or credit union.

Opening Your First New Bank Account

To open an account, particularly a new online bank account, start by choosing the right financial institution — it could be an online-only bank, a traditional bank, or a credit union, depending on your financial needs and preferences. Consider factors like accessibility, customer service, fee structures, and the availability of online and mobile banking features when selecting where to open your account.

The process generally involves making an initial deposit, which can vary but is often a minimum opening deposit. Meeting the minimum deposit is crucial to qualify for account bonuses. Some institutions may require only a few dollars, while others may ask for a larger amount, especially for premium or specialized accounts. During the account-opening phase, you'll need to provide personal information like a Social Security Number or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, and a government-issued ID, like a passport or driver's license. This information helps the bank ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, including those related to money laundering.

Many banks offer bank account bonuses or a checking account bonus to new checking account customers, which can be an attractive incentive. Opening a personal checking account in America comes with specific bonuses and rewards, including cash bonuses for meeting certain requirements like a qualifying direct deposit. To qualify for these bonuses, customers often need to meet criteria like a minimum deposit within a certain timeframe and maintaining that balance for a specific period. For example, some financial institutions offer cash bonuses for setting up a qualifying direct deposit. This incentive often requires you to receive a regular payment, like a salary or a government benefit, directly into your new account within a certain period of opening the account. Be sure to understand the terms and conditions associated with these bonuses, like minimum balance requirements and the duration of direct deposits.

Additionally, ask about any potential fees associated with the account, like monthly maintenance fees, ATM usage fees, and overdraft charges. Sometimes, banks offer fee waivers under certain conditions, like maintaining a minimum balance or even by enrolling in direct deposit. It's also worth asking about the bank's overdraft policies. Some banks offer overdraft protection programs, which can keep you from incurring fees if you accidentally overdraw your account. This service can be a lifesaver for new account holders unfamiliar with managing their balance, but it typically comes at an additional cost.

Finally, consider the bank's customer service and support options. Reliable customer support can be invaluable, especially if you run into issues with your account or need guidance on using banking services. By carefully considering these aspects, you can ensure your first banking experience is positive and financially beneficial. Remember, the right bank for someone else might not be the right bank for you, so choose based on your specific circumstances and financial needs.

Común Is a Great Choice for Your Banking Needs in the USA

If you're looking for a reliable, modern banking solution in the United States, Común is the perfect choice for you. Común is a digital bank designed for everyone, especially the immigrant community, offering a hassle-free banking experience, no hidden charges, and Spanish-language tools that make managing your finances easier. With Común, you can open an account in minutes from your phone, get your complimentary debit card, and start enjoying benefits like no-cost transfers, direct deposits, and access to more than 55,000 fee-free ATMs nationwide. Plus, Común cares about your security, implementing advanced measures to protect your money and your data. Don't wait any longer — join the Común community for a banking experience that understands and supports your unique needs.

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Best practices for managing your account

Effective Account Management

Effectively managing bank accounts goes beyond simply monitoring balances — it involves a comprehensive approach to financial administration. This means understanding and reducing account fees, which can include monthly maintenance, ATM usage, and overdraft charges. One way to minimize these fees is by meeting minimum balance requirements or enrolling in direct deposit, since many banks offer fee waivers under these conditions.

Using online and mobile banking tools is essential for efficient financial management. These platforms allow real-time transaction monitoring, immediate fund transfers, and quick access to statements and banking documents, which can help with budgeting and tax preparation. Setting up automatic bill payments is another crucial feature, ensuring all payments are made on time, avoiding late fees and service interruptions.

For those managing multiple accounts, like a business checking account and a personal checking account, linking these accounts can simplify money management. It allows easier transfers between accounts and a consolidated view of finances, which is particularly beneficial for small business owners who need to keep personal and business expenses separate. Additionally, having multiple bank accounts can offer significant benefits, like separating funds for different purposes — such as everyday expenses, savings, and investments — and meeting individual or joint financial needs, including for international travel or business purposes.

Additionally, mobile banking has revolutionized access to financial services, letting users complete a variety of banking tasks from their devices, like checking balances, depositing checks remotely, and withdrawing cash from ATMs without a physical card. This convenience, however, needs to be balanced with diligent security practices to protect financial data.

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Security and Protection

Account security is critical for protecting financial assets from potential threats like fraud and identity theft. Banks, whether online or traditional, implement robust security measures, including encryption, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates, and continuous monitoring for suspicious activity. However, responsibility also falls on the account holder to improve their personal security.

Enabling two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security, significantly reducing the risk of unauthorized access. Using strong, complex passwords and changing them regularly are fundamental practices for securing online banking portals. Account holders should also be alert to phishing scams — fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information. Recognizing suspicious emails, links, or phone calls requesting personal banking information is crucial.

Regularly monitoring account activity is another proactive security measure. Many banks offer customizable alerts that immediately notify the account holder of unusual or large transactions, allowing quick action against unauthorized access. It's also advisable to frequently review transaction history to identify any irregularities that might indicate fraudulent activity. Additionally, understanding the latest banking security technologies and using all available tools provided by financial institutions can significantly improve the security of banking operations. These tools include biometric verifications, like fingerprint and facial recognition, which offer a higher level of security than traditional passwords.

By incorporating these advanced management and security practices, people can significantly improve both the efficiency and security of their banking experience, ensuring their financial assets are managed wisely and protected against potential threats.

Conclusion

Navigating the complexities of bank accounts — from choosing the right type to managing and securing them — can significantly impact your financial well-being. Understanding the various account types available, from personal and business checking accounts to savings and CD accounts, lets you make informed decisions that align with your financial goals. Opening your first account is a crucial step that lays the groundwork for building a robust financial future. By selecting the right financial institution, understanding fee structures, and taking advantage of incentives like account bonuses, you position yourself to maximize the benefits of banking.

Effective account management and vigilant security measures are essential to getting the most out of your banking experience. Using online and mobile banking tools not only provides convenience, but also lets you keep close oversight of your financial activities, ensuring your money works for you as efficiently as possible. Additionally, the importance of security can't be overstated — protecting your financial information from fraud and theft is paramount in today's digital age.

Ultimately, carefully managing and protecting your bank accounts is crucial to maintaining financial health and reaching your monetary goals. By adopting the practices outlined in this guide, you can confidently navigate the banking landscape, making informed decisions that strengthen your personal and business finances. Whether you're opening your first account or optimizing existing ones, remember that every step you take is a building block toward greater financial security and freedom.

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