Living in the United States

What are the school grades in the United States? Ages and equivalencies

What are the school grades in the United States? Ages, equivalents with Latin American systems, and how the U.S. school structure works.

Do you have children about to enter school in the United States? Understanding the U.S. education system is essential for adapting to a new culture and preparing for the differences compared with your country of origin.

Broadly speaking, the U.S. education system is divided into three stages: Elementary School, Middle School, and High School. Each plays a specific role in students’ academic journey. This system covers ages 5 through 18 and forms the central framework of schooling in the country.

In this article, we explain each of these stages and detail their purpose to demystify how students progress through the system and its educational levels in the United States.

Levels of the U.S. education system: Everything you need to know

In the United States, it is common for children to begin schooling around age 5. After kindergarten, it is divided into 12 grade levels.

Below, we show how the U.S. education system is structured.

Early childhood education

Early childhood education or preschool is not mandatory in the United States. However, it is common for children under age 5 to attend pre-K (preschool) or kindergarten.

These centers focus on young children’s cognitive development through play and early literacy activities. For this reason, there is no grading system. Kindergarten is offered through private and public options or via the Head Start social assistance program for low-income families.

Elementary school

After that, children will enter primary education or Elementary school starting around age 6, depending on the school district.

This level typically covers 1st through 5th grade and is characterized by the gradual introduction of more advanced knowledge, with the aim of building cognitive and social development through learning skills such as mathematics, science, and language, among others.

  • Characteristics: students generally have the same teacher for almost all subjects, except for those requiring specialized knowledge, such as physical education.
  • Grading system: it can vary by district, but it is common for students to be assessed using a letter scale—A, B, C, D, and F—or, alternatively, a numeric scale from 1 to 4.
  • Approximate Ages: between 6 and 11.

Middle school (junior high school)

After finishing primary education, students continue with Middle school, which typically covers 6th through 8th grade. It is a transitional stage between primary and secondary education.

  • Characteristics: students have a different teacher and classroom for each subject, which promotes independence and socialization.
  • Grading system: the formal A through F system is typically being used.
  • Approximate Ages: between 11 and 14.

High school

The next level is secondary school or High school, typically covering grades 9 through 12. It culminates in the High school diploma, a basic requirement to continue with higher education or enter the job market.

  • Characteristics: in addition to required subjects such as English, math, and science, students can complement their education with electives and extracurricular activities.
  • Grading system: both the A–F letter scale and the GPA (Grade Point Average) are generally used; GPA serves as an indicator of academic performance and is key for college admission.
  • Approximate Ages: between 14 and 18.

Postsecondary education

Postsecondary or higher education in the United States includes different types of programs as well as private and public schools. Although it is not strictly mandatory, it provides more opportunities for good jobs and higher earnings.

These are the types of higher-education institutions in the U.S.

Public or private universities

  • They offer a curriculum lasting approximately 4 years.
  • Upon completion and passing of the program, graduates receive a Bachelor’s degree.
  • The admission process depends on prior academic performance, reflected in the GPA.
  • There are public universities funded by the government and private universities as well.

Community colleges

  • These are public colleges offering educational programs that last 2 years.
  • Upon completing this program, students earn an Associate’s degree, equivalent to a technical program.
  • They are more accessible than a university, and admission rates are also higher.

If you need to send money to another country, explore some options and tips.

Technical or vocational institutions

  • They focus on acquiring knowledge related to practical trades, such as nursing, graphic design, and programming.
  • They also offer certificates to recognize completed studies.

The U.S. education system can be somewhat confusing compared with other countries, such as some in Latin America. Below is a comparison table to clarify general equivalencies, keeping in mind that there are variations in each country.

Grade level in the United States Typical Ages Equivalence in Mexico
Preschool3–4 yearsPreschool/kindergarten
Kindergarten5–6 yearsFinal year of preschool
1st grade6–7 years1st year of elementary
2nd grade7–8 years2nd year of elementary
3rd grade8–9 years3rd year of elementary
4th grade9–10 years4th year of elementary
5th grade10–11 years5th year of elementary
6th grade11–12 years6th year of elementary (start of Middle school in some countries)
7th grade12–13 years1st year of Middle school
8th grade13–14 years2nd year of Middle school
9th grade14–15 years3rd year of Middle school (may be the final year of secundaria or 1st year of High school)
10th grade15–16 years1st year of High school
11th grade16–17 years2nd year of High school
12th grade17–18 years3rd year of High school
Postsecondary education18 and upUniversity

How does the school year work in the United States? Key aspects

The U.S. education system is characterized by flexibility to adapt to students’ abilities and interests in order to foster their full potential.

For this reason, it is common for students to be placed into specific classes according to their learning level, which may be more or less challenging.

  • Placement depends on several factors, such as:
  • How well the student understands English or their test scores—especially for foreign students
  • Recommendations from parents/guardians
  • Standardized test scores and prior academic performance
  • Willingness to complete challenging assignments
  • The student’s interest or motivation
  • Teacher or counselor recommendation
  • Examples of student work demonstrating their level of understanding and skills

Another relevant aspect to consider is the school calendar and schedule in the United States. These can vary by state and school district, but in general the school year begins in late August or early September and ends in late May or early June.

How to manage your finances in the United States with Común

As you can see, the U.S. education system is intentionally designed to guide students from basic education through higher studies and, afterward, into working life.

Each level has a clear function, which makes it easier for families, students, and educators to plan and provide support in order to make more informed decisions along the school path.

Without a doubt, your children’s education is one of the most important investments, because it is a way to secure their future.

Común is the ideal financial platform to help you manage tuition payments and handle school expenses for higher education.

Común is a financial platform with a mobile app that makes it easy to open accounts in the U.S. with a qualified official ID from your country of origin, send low-cost remittances, and provide bilingual Spanish and English language support for the immigrant community.

Learn about all the benefits of opening an account with Común for you and your family.

As an immigrant, Común allows you to open an account with a qualified official ID from your country, with no hidden fees and bilingual Spanish and English language support.

Frequently asked questions

If you still have questions, consult our Q&A section.

How do you enroll your child in school?

Go to the school district where you live to find out which school corresponds to your address. Complete the required documents and the enrollment application.

Requirements may vary by state or school district, so it is important to verify directly with your local school.

What is the difference between a public and a private school in the United States?

Public schools are funded by government tax revenues, while private schools are funded by tuition.

What do Freshman/Sophomore/Junior/Senior mean?

These are the terms used in U.S. high schools and universities to indicate year level

  • Freshman: 1st year
  • Sophomore: 2nd year
  • Junior: 3rd year
  • Senior: 4th year

What is needed to enter school in the United States?

  • Minimum age depending on the level
  • Birth certificate
  • Up-to-date vaccination record
  • Proof of residence in the district

About Común

Común aims to support the Latino community in the United States. It offers a debit account that can be opened with more than 100 valid Latin American IDs and an app available in Spanish.

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Visit Común's website or download the app for free to learn more about the full offer and applicable terms.

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Living in the United States

The High Cost of Traditional Banks and Being Unbanked in the United States

8 min de lectura

Traditional banks typically charge monthly maintenance fees (between $12 and $25) and overdraft fees (averaging $34 per transaction). Without a bank account, many people end up paying more at check-cashing stores and money transfer services.

Today, many Latinos living in the United States may be overpaying for financial services. According to a 2021 report from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 24.1% of Hispanic households are underbanked, meaning the household has a checking or savings account at a financial institution but has also used other services (for example, money orders, remittance transfers, check cashing) outside their bank or credit union. Accessing additional services outside a bank can be costly.

The FDIC report also found that 9.3% of Hispanic households are unbanked, meaning no one in the household has a checking or savings account at a financial institution. Not having access to banking services can limit access to certain financial products and services, like savings accounts that offer investment opportunities and insurance options.

To examine the cost Latinos may be paying to access financial services in the United States, Común conducted an analysis comparing the cost if someone were a Común customer versus a traditional financial institution. The study also looked at the cost of not having access to banking services. Additionally, Común analyzed the cost of all three options over the course of a year, and how much someone could save by using a service like Común over one year and over a five-year period.

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Comparison table to translate and rebuild in Webflow (values unchanged):

Financial Service Type | Común | Traditional Bank | Unbanked

Account opening* | $0 | $100* | $0

Monthly cost | $0 | $144.00 | $0

Cash deposit fee (ATM) | $42 | $60 | $0

Remittance fee | $66 | $1,080 | $184

Overdraft fee | $0 | $0 | $0

Early direct deposit | $0 | $0 | $0

Check deposit fee | N/A | $0 | $96

Money order fees | N/A | N/A | $24

Total | $108 | $1,284 | $304

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*Note: Común did not include the account opening fee in the total for the traditional bank, since we assumed this user would not maintain minimum balance requirements and would therefore incur a $12 monthly fee.

How Much Customers Can Save in a Year Using a Service Like Común:

Cost of a traditional bank account: $1,176

The cost of being unbanked: $196

How Much Customers Can Save Over Five Years Using a Service Like Común:

Cost of a traditional bank account: $5,881

The cost of being unbanked: $981

Additional Notes

Beyond direct costs like check cashing or money order fees, unbanked people also incur many indirect costs, such as:

  1. High borrowing costs: Without a bank account, accessing credit can be more complicated and costly. Unbanked people may turn to alternative financial services, like payday loans or pawn shops, which typically charge high interest rates and fees. Having a bank account and a good banking relationship can qualify people for lower-interest loans and other credit products.
  2. Limited access to financial services: Being unbanked can result in limited access to certain financial services and products, like savings accounts, investment opportunities, and insurance options. This lack of access can hinder people's ability to build wealth and protect themselves financially over the long term.
  3. Security risks: Keeping cash at home can be risky, since it's vulnerable to theft, loss, or damage. Bank accounts offer a secure way to store and access funds, reducing the risk of financial loss due to theft or other unforeseen circumstances.

Methodology

The analysis was conducted in April 2024 by Común. The data examines the annual cost of using a service like Común, a traditional bank account, or being unbanked for financial services. In this analysis, we looked at the cost of a checking account at a traditional financial institution, as well as the cost of services outside a financial institution, and made these assumptions:

  • Minimum balance to open an account
  • Común cost: $0
  • Traditional financial institution cost: $100, based on the minimum balance needed to open the referenced bank account.
  • Monthly cost
  • Común cost: $0
  • Traditional financial institution cost: A $12 monthly fee, assuming the $1,500 minimum daily balance isn't met
  • Two cash deposits (ATM) per month
  • Común cost: $0 to use an in-network ATM and $3.50 to use a retail partner to make a deposit. Común assumed a user makes two deposits per month, one at a retail store and one at an in-network ATM.
  • Traditional financial institution cost: $2.50 for a deposit at another financial institution and $2.50 if using an out-of-network ATM. For the bank account analyzed in this report, there's no charge for branch cash deposits. However, this bank charges $2.50 for deposits at other ATMs. The retail store will also charge the customer, which varies by location, but Común assumed $2.50.
  • Two remittance transfers per month
  • Común cost: Customers can send their first remittance at no cost. After that, remittances carry a fee starting at $2.99.
  • Traditional financial institution cost: $45 to send international dollar transfers
  • For the unbanked, Común assumed the person sends remittances with Western Union, which costs $8 per transfer in flat fees if the user is depositing cash at a Western Union location in the United States and the recipient is picking up cash at a Western Union location in Mexico (source: fee calculator). Común assumed 2 remittances per month over a year, with the first remittance at no cost (a Western Union promotion).
  • Check cashing fee
  • We assume a user cashes two checks a month and pays $4 each time (fee amount from Walmart).
  • Money order fee
  • We assume a user buys two money orders a month and pays $1 each time (fee amount from Walmart).

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What does a traditional bank really cost?

Monthly maintenance fees, overdraft charges (averaging $34 per transaction industry-wide), and out-of-network ATM fees are the most common costs that add up at traditional banks.

What does it cost to be unbanked?

People without a bank account often pay more to cash checks (1% to 3% of the check's value at check-cashing stores) and to send money, compared to those with account access.

How do I avoid these costs?

With Común there's no monthly fee, no minimum balance required, and mobile check deposit is at no cost.

Frequently asked questions

How much do traditional banks charge for monthly maintenance?

Generally between $12 and $25 a month, though some banks waive it if you maintain a certain minimum balance.

What's a typical overdraft fee?

The industry average is approximately $34 per transaction.

How much does it cost to cash a check without a bank account?

Check-cashing stores charge between 1% and 3% of the check's value, with a $3-5 minimum.

Does Común charge a maintenance fee?

No, there's no monthly fee and no minimum balance required.

How can I avoid out-of-network ATM fees?

By using ATMs within your provider's network; with Común, AllPoint+ ATMs give you 3 free withdrawals a month.

Is it worth opening a bank account if I don't have much money?

Yes — many digital accounts, like Común's, don't require a minimum balance, so there's no barrier to entry.

Financial Education

What is a certified check and how can you make sure it’s valid?

8 min de lectura

What is a certified check and how does it work?

Certified checks are a common form of payment for thousands of immigrants living in the United States, especially for major purchases such as rent payments, buying a car, and legal settlements.

However, it is not always clear why the certification process matters and how it differs from other types of checks.

A certified check is a physical payment order that has been reviewed in advance by a financial institution to ensure there are sufficient funds in the issuer’s bank account. This is the fundamental reason it’s considered a safer form of payment than a personal check.

Below, we explain in detail what a certified check is, how it works, and why it’s important to understand the differences from other types of checks.

What is a certified check?

A certified check is a type of check with guaranteed funds, since the issuing bank has verified the money exists in the checking or personal account.

This makes it a safer form of payment than personal checks, because the bank sets aside the amount to be paid so it can be collected by the payee.

How is a certified check issued?

Issuing a certified check is a straightforward process you can complete directly at the financial institution of your choice.

  • The customer requests the check

The account holder must go to a bank and request a certified check, specifying the payee and the amount.

  • Customer identification

You must present an official ID to verify that you are the holder of the savings or checking account from which the funds will be drawn.

  • The bank freezes the amount in the account

The bank then certifies there are sufficient funds to cover the check and freezes them to ensure the payee can cash it.

  • Signature certification

You must sign the check before finishing the process so the bank can confirm the signature matches the one on file.

Affixing the certification stamp

Finally, once the bank has verified the funds and the signature, it places a certification stamp to document completion of the process.

Differences between a certified check and a cashier’s check

A cashier’s check is another way to make secure payments using a physical instrument. In this case, the bank branch issues the check after receiving the customer’s payment, so the funds come from the bank itself.

Below is a comparison between a cashier’s check and a certified check.

Cashier’s check

Certified check

Security

High; the bank verifies sufficient funds and places a hold for the payee.

Very high; the check is backed by the bank and does not depend on the issuer’s account.

Cost

At some banks they have no cost at others up to approximately $15.

Depends on the bank; typically $10–$20.

Issuance time

At the branch, after funds are verified.

Immediate.

When is a certified check typically required?

A certified check is commonly used for significant transactions or large amounts. This gives the recipient assurance that funds are available.

  • Paying an apartment security deposit.

When finalizing a lease or purchasing an apartment, the landlord or agent may request payment via certified check to guarantee funds.

  • Buying a used car.

Whether dealing directly with owners or dealerships, a certified check can be a suitable option because of the security it provides.

  • Closing an important contract or legal settlement.

For example, to pay fees, settlements, or indemnities, certified checks provide security for both parties.

  • For tuition or school fees.

Some educational institutions accept certified checks as a form of payment, especially for international or first-time payments.

Do you know what to do if a check is stolen or lost? We explain it here!

Practical tips for using certified checks safely

While certified checks are among the safest payment methods due to the bank’s verification process, there are still fraud attempts using forged documents.

With this in mind, keep these tips in mind to avoid becoming a victim of check fraud.

How to know if a check has funds and avoid scams

  • Verify with the issuing bank. 

Call the bank directly and provide the check number, account holder, and amount; ask them to confirm authenticity and that funds are guaranteed. Make sure you call the bank’s official number, not the one printed on the check.

  • Be alert if you receive an overpayment check. 

A common scam is sending a check for more than the amount due and asking for the difference in cash. Confirm the check’s validity with the bank before proceeding.

  • Wait for the check to clear before handing over any goods. 

Clearing can take 3–10 days. Make sure the funds have fully settled and are not just on hold.

  • Avoid accepting checks from unknown parties. 

Whenever possible, accept checks only from people you trust. If you must take a check, follow the security measures above.

Manage your money securely with Común

In this article we explained what a certified check is, how it’s issued, how it differs from cashier’s checks, and how to use this payment method safely.

While certified checks can be a good payment option, a checking account in the U.S. is a much more secure and practical way to manage money.

Meet Común, your financial ally in the United States!

Send, receive, and cash money within and outside the United States. Our platform lets you move your money easily, quickly, and securely. You need a qualifying official ID from your country of origin to get started.

Open your account with Común today and discover a financial platform tailored to you.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Where can I get a certified check in the United States?

You can request certified checks at financial institutions such as banks, credit unions, and some digital banks.

How much does it cost to get a certified check at the bank?

The cost depends on the bank but is typically between $10 and $15.

What other types of checks exist in the U.S. besides certified checks?

Other types of checks in the United States include: Money order; Personal check; Cashier’s check.

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Immigration

What is needed to obtain a Green Card in the United States?

8 min de lectura

Surely during your stay in the United States you have heard about the well-known Green Card or permanent resident card.

It is a document issued by the U.S. government that allows immigrants to reside and work legally and permanently.

For immigrants, obtaining it is of utmost importance, as it also opens the door to several benefits, such as legal protection, the right to purchase property, and the ability to apply for lawful permanent residence for family members.

Thousands of migrants in the United States often ask the big question: “How can I live legally in the United States?” We know how important it is for you to achieve better living conditions to support your family and loved ones. Therefore, below you’ll find a guide with practical steps, eligibility categories, and the documents needed to obtain a Green Card and change your life in the United States.

Eligibility categories for the Green Card

There are several paths to obtain a green card. To know which one to take, you need to be clear about both your immigration status and the eligibility category that applies to your profile.

Family-based Green Card

The first category refers to permanent residence granted through immediate family members who already have legal status in the United States.

It is divided as follows:

  • Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens: spouses and unmarried children under 21.

You must wait for approval of Form I-130 and then apply for residence; there is no annual cap.

  • Family preference category: unmarried children over 21 of citizens; spouses and children of permanent residents; married children of citizens; and siblings of citizens.

You must file Form I-485. For this, you must wait until your priority date becomes current on the Visa Bulletin. Otherwise, you can only file the I-130.

Employment-based Green Card

  • EB-1 visa: individuals with extraordinary ability, such as distinguished professors or researchers.
  • EB-2 visa: accomplished professionals with an advanced degree and exceptional ability.
  • EB-3 visa: skilled workers, professionals, and “other workers.”
  • EB-4 visa: special categories such as religious workers, U.S. government employees, members of the Armed Forces, among others.
  • EB-5 visa: for investors who allocate substantial funds to businesses that create at least 10 jobs in the country.

Process to obtain a work-based visa

  • The employer files the PERM Labor Certification, demonstrating that there are no qualified or available U.S. workers for the position. To do this, they must submit Form ETA-9089 to the Department of Labor.
  • Once employment authorization is obtained, the employer must file Form I-140 with USCIS, along with the approved PERM certification.
  • The employee must apply for adjustment of status via Form I-485 (if in the United States) or do consular processing at a U.S. embassy.
  • For the EB-2 visa, applicants may choose the National Interest Waiver (NIW), which eliminates the need for PERM.

Remember that to work legally in the United States you must obtain an SSN. Before obtaining residence, migrants often use an ITIN to file their tax returns.

Green Card for special immigrants

  • VAWA visa: victims of abuse by a U.S. citizen or permanent resident.
  • SIJ visa: minors who have been abused or abandoned by their parents.
  • In both cases, applicants must file Form I-360.

Green Card through refugee or asylee status

  • People admitted through an asylum claim or refugee status, as well as their immediate family members.
  • In both cases, applicants must be physically present in the United States for at least 1 year and then file Form I-485.

Other categories

In addition, there are other less common categories:

  • Diversity Visa (Green Card Lottery): an annual lottery of up to 50,000 slots. Selectees receive a consular interview, though it does not guarantee a visa.
  • Cuban Adjustment Act: a special adjustment program for Cuban nationals.

Each category has different eligibility requirements and processing times, so it is very important to consult U.S. government guidance and, if needed, seek the support of an immigration attorney.

Steps to apply for a Green Card

Once you know, in broad strokes, the requirements to obtain a Green Card, you need to be clear about the application process you must follow.

Determine eligibility

Before starting any process, review the categories above and determine which best fits your profile—family, employment, special immigrants, etc.

We recommend reviewing the Visa Bulletin to verify the documents required for your category and ensure you have them.

File the initial petition

Once you are clear on the category that applies to you, you must file the form indicated for that category, along with the required supporting documents, for example:

  • Valid passport (required for any category).
  • Evidence of the family relationship, such as birth or marriage certificates.
  • Job offer letter.

Adjustment of status or consular processing

After your corresponding form is approved, you must apply for adjustment of status or consular processing and pay the fee required by the Department of State.

  • If you are in the United States, file Form I-485 along with evidence of eligibility.
  • If you are in another country, you must submit the DS-260 at a U.S. consulate. This is the immigrant visa application for permanent residence.

Interview and biometrics

In the next step, you must attend an adjustment-of-status appointment, at which USCIS will take your fingerprints, biometrics, photo, and signature.

You must also attend an interview to answer questions related to your eligibility category.

Receiving the Green Card

Finally, your Green Card will be mailed to your address. Make sure to check that all details are correct and keep it in a safe place.

After some time, you may apply for citizenship if you meet the necessary requirements.

Maintaining and renewing the Green Card

Once you have your green card in hand, you must keep track of renewal periods to avoid issues after the expiration date.

Renewal and replacement

  • A regular Green Card is valid for 10 years.
  • To replace your Green Card, you must file Form I-90 at least 6 months before the expiration date.
  • The same form is also used in case of damage or loss.

Removal of conditions

  • Applies to conditional residents with a 2-year Green Card, generally based on a recent marriage to a U.S. citizen.
  • File Form I-751 for marriage-based cases or the corresponding form for your category.
  • You must submit the documentation required by USCIS, as well as attend an additional interview.

Important rules

  • If you change your address, be sure to report it to USCIS promptly.
  • If for any reason you need to spend more than 6 consecutive months outside the United States, be sure to obtain a reentry permit (Advance Parole or Reentry Permit). Otherwise, you could risk losing your residence.
  • Refrain from actions considered abandonment of residence, such as surrendering the card or voting in foreign countries.
  • Keep an eye on your Green Card’s validity and renew it when appropriate.

Organize your financial life in the U.S. with Común

As you can see, the process of obtaining a Green Card is long and exhausting. Therefore, it is essential to understand the different categories, steps, forms, and the key points to maintain your permanent residence.

Another relevant point for improving your stay in the United States is having partners who understand your needs.

We present Común, the financial platform that addresses day-to-day needs through an intuitive mobile app, where you can easily open an account with qualifying official identification from your country of origin.

It also offers remittance services to several countries, helping your family receive more for less.

Why choose Común?

  • Open a secure account with clear and competitive fees.
  • Receive deposits and send remittances home.
  • Get a debit card for daily expenses and financial control.
  • Ability to save and plan your finances as you settle in the United States.

Open your account with Común today and get financial services tailored to you.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

If you still have questions, consult our FAQs.

Can I travel outside the U.S. while my application is in process?

You need to obtain Advance Parole (Form I-131), since leaving the country could cancel your application.

When can I apply for citizenship after obtaining a Green Card?

You must be a permanent resident for at least 5 years, or 3 if based on marriage, and have lived continuously in the United States and fulfilled tax obligations.

How long does the Green Card process take?

It depends on the category and whether you apply inside or outside the country. In general, the wait time is approximately 1 to 3 years.

How much does it cost to apply for a Green Card?

The cost varies by category. Check USCIS’s fee calculator to get a clear figure.

What is the difference between the I-485 and the DS-260?

The I-485 is the adjustment-of-status application to permanent resident filed within the United States, whereas the DS-260 is the immigrant visa application filed from another country.

What happens if your Green Card is denied?

You can appeal the decision via Form I-290B or refile the application.

Living in the United States

How many numbers does a Social Security Number have? Format, meaning, and difference from an ITIN

8 min de lectura

How many numbers does a Social Security Number have? Format, meaning, and difference from an ITIN

The Social Security number (SSN) has 9 digits and is written in the format of XXX-XX-XXXX (for example 123-45-6789). An SSN is used to track earnings for taxes and benefits, access Social Security benefits, and verify identity for many activities such as applying for jobs, banking, accessing credit, and obtaining government services. It's one of the most sensitive personal identifiers in the U.S. You can find this number on your Social Security card, tax documents, and certain official government records.

What does each part of the Social Security number mean?

Historically, the SSN had meaning in each section. It followed a structure where the first three digits (known as the area number) were originally linked to the location where the SSN was issued. This was followed by the middle two digits (the group number), which had an administrative purpose. The last four digits (the serial number) were unique identifiers.

However, since 2011, these numbers no longer reflect location or order and are assigned using a 'randomization' system. The last four digits are often used for partial identity verification by financial institutions such as banks or credit unions, credit card issuers, government agencies, and healthcare providers.

How do I know if my SSN is valid?

There's no public tool to fully verify an SSN. You can confirm that it follows the 9-digit format, but official verification is performed through the Social Security Administration.

What is the Social Security number used for?

The SSN is a primary tax and financial identification number in the U.S. It is used across employment, financial, and government systems. Key uses include:

  • Employment & Taxes: Required by employers for payroll processing and reporting income to the government
  • Access to Government Benefits: Used by the Social Security Administration (SSA) to track lifetime earnings and determine eligibility for benefits, including retirement, disability, and Medicare
  • Financial Services: Banks and financial institutions may require an SSN to open accounts and report interest income
  • Credit & Loans: Credit bureaus use it to track credit history, and lenders use it to access creditworthiness
  • Identification: Used by certain government agencies, for example the Department of Motor Vehicles in some states and for background checks

SSN vs. ITIN: What's the difference?

If you are not eligible for a Social Security Number (SSN) but have a U.S. federal tax obligation, you may need to apply for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Even though they are both nine digit numbers, they serve different purposes. The SSN is a nine-digit identification number issued to U.S. citizens and certain individuals authorized to work in the U.S. to report wages, access benefits, and establish credit history. An ITIN, on the other hand, is a tax processing number issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to individuals who are not eligible for an SSN but need to file U.S. tax returns.

Here are some key points to keep in mind:

  • The ITIN also has 9 digits and typically starts with the number 9, the format 9XX-XX-XXXX
  • The SSN is issued by the Social Security Administration, while the ITIN is issued by the IRS
  • An SSN is generally issued to individuals authorized to work in the U.S., while an ITIN is used by individuals who need to meet tax obligations but are not eligible for an SSN
  • An ITIN does not, by itself, authorize employment in the U.S. Work eligibility depends on immigration status and applicable laws

Both SSNs and ITINs may be accepted by some financial institutions to open checking or savings accounts, subject to each institution's policies.

Can I open a bank account without a SSN?

Policies vary by financial institution, but it may be possible. It can be challenging for newly arrived immigrants to open a bank account without an SSN; however, some institutions offer alternatives.

For example, certain banks may allow in-person account opening using an ITIN. Some community-focused credit unions may accept either an SSN or an ITIN. Other providers, such as Común, may offer digital account opening with more than 100 Latin American IDs.

Results may vary. For a complete list of eligible IDs and application requirements, follow this link to Común's Help Center.

How can you protect your Social Security number?

Your SSN is highly sensitive information, and protecting it is important to reduce the risk of identity theft. Here are some general tips:

  • Whenever possible, avoid carrying the physical card. Try to keep the document in a safe place at home
  • Avoid sharing your SSN unless it is necessary and you trust the requesting party
  • Monitor your financial accounts and credit reports regularly for unauthorized activity
  • Contact the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) if you suspect your SSN has been compromised

As a newly arrived immigrant, dealing with documentation can feel overwhelming. However, the good news is that you don't necessarily need to wait for an SSN to begin addressing your banking needs in the United States. Común's app is available in Spanish. Visit comun.app to learn more about account requirements.

FAQ

Can a Social Security number be changed?

Generally no, except in some exceptional cases, as determined by the Social Security Administration.

Do children born in the U.S. automatically receive a Social Security Number (SSN)?

An SSN is not issued automatically, but can be requested when the birth is registered.

How many digits does an ITIN have?

An ITIN has 9 digits, and typically starts with the number 9.

Is it mandatory to have an SSN to live in the United States?

No, an SSN is not required for residency.

Can I use someone else's Social Security number?

No, it's illegal and can result in serious legal consequences.

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Financial Education

Money Transfer Scams: How to Recognize and Avoid Them

8 min de lectura

Understanding Money Transfer Scams

Money transfer scams are fraudulent schemes designed to trick people into sending money or sharing sensitive financial information. These scams can happen through various channels, including emails, phone calls, text messages, and even social media. Scammers often pose as legitimate entities, like banks, government agencies, or trusted companies, to earn the victim's trust and prompt immediate action.

Common Tactics Used in Money Transfer Scams

  • Impersonation: Scammers often pose as credible entities to make their requests seem legitimate. They may pretend to be from your bank, a government agency, or even a friend or family member in trouble.
  • Urgency and Fear: Scammers create a sense of urgency or fear, insisting immediate action must be taken. This tactic pressures victims into making hasty decisions without proper verification.
  • Emotional Manipulation: Many scams exploit the victim's emotions. For example, a scammer might claim a loved one is in trouble and needs money right away.
  • Phishing: Scammers use emails or messages that appear to be from legitimate sources to steal personal information, like login credentials or bank details.

Impact of Money Transfer Scams

The consequences of falling victim to a money transfer scam can be severe:

  • Financial Loss: The most direct impact is losing money, which can range from a few dollars to substantial sums.
  • Identity Theft: Scammers can use stolen information to commit identity theft, leading to further financial and legal complications.
  • Emotional Stress: Victims often experience significant stress and anxiety after realizing they've been scammed.

Understanding these tactics and their potential impact is the first step to protecting yourself from money transfer scams. Learn about Común account security

Types of Scams

Money transfer scams come in several forms, each with unique methods for deceiving victims. Below are two common types of scams to be aware of:

They Send You a Check in Exchange for a Return Payment

In this scam, the victim receives a check, often for a large amount, with instructions to deposit it into their bank account. The scammer then asks the victim to send part of the money back to them or to a third party, usually under the pretext of covering fees, taxes, or another made-up reason.

How It Works:

  • Receiving the Check: The scammer sends a check that looks real, often claiming it's an overpayment, a prize, or some other reason.
  • Depositing the Check: The victim deposits the check into their account. Initially, the bank may credit the amount to the victim's account, making it appear the funds are available.
  • Return Payment Request: The scammer then asks the victim to send back a portion of the funds before the check fully clears.
  • Returned Check: Eventually, the check is returned as fraudulent, leaving the victim responsible for the full amount, including the money they sent to the scammer.

Warning Signs:

  • Receiving a check from an unknown source.
  • Instructions to send money or gift cards in return.
  • Pressure to act quickly before verifying the check's authenticity.

They Ask for a Confirmation Code Before Withdrawing Funds

In this scam, the scammer poses as a legitimate company or financial institution and contacts the victim, asking them to provide a confirmation code to verify their identity or complete a transaction.

How It Works:

  • Initial Contact: The scammer contacts the victim, often through a phone call, text message, or email, posing as a representative of a trusted entity.
  • Confirmation Code Request: The victim is asked to provide a confirmation code, usually sent to their phone or email.
  • Unauthorized Access: Once the victim provides the code, the scammer uses it to access the victim's bank account or complete an unauthorized transaction.
  • Withdrawal of Funds: The scammer withdraws funds from the victim's account, leaving them with financial losses.

Warning Signs:

  • Unexpected requests for confirmation codes or personal information.
  • Calls or messages claiming urgent verification needs.
  • Requests to share codes sent to your phone or email, especially if you didn't initiate any transaction.

By understanding these specific types of money transfer scams, you can better protect yourself and recognize warning signs when they come up.

How to Avoid Money Transfer Scams

Avoiding money transfer scams requires vigilance and following certain best practices. Here are some essential tips to help protect you from falling victim to these fraudulent schemes.

Never Send Money to Someone You Don't Know

One of the most important rules to remember is to never send money to someone you don't personally know. Scammers often pose as legitimate businesses or people in urgent need, but once the money is sent, it's nearly impossible to get it back.

Key Points:

  • Verify Identity: Always verify the identity of the person or organization requesting the transfer. Use official contact information to confirm their legitimacy.
  • Question the Request: Be skeptical of any request to send money, especially if it comes from someone you haven't dealt with before or don't know in person.
  • Consult Trusted Sources: Before sending money, check with friends, family, or financial advisors for a second opinion.

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Remember: Money Transfers Are Like Sending Cash

Money transfers are a convenient way to send money, but they're also irreversible and can be easily exploited by scammers. Treat money transfers with the same caution you'd use with cash transactions. Learn how to make international transfers

Key Points:

  • Understand the Risks: Money sent via transfer is money that's gone. Unlike credit card transactions, money transfers don't have fraud protection or dispute mechanisms.
  • Use Alternative Methods: For transactions with unknown parties, consider using payment methods with better security and fraud protection, like credit cards or payment platforms like PayPal.
  • Double-Check Details: Before completing a money transfer service, double-check all the recipient's details to ensure accuracy and legitimacy.

Verify Identity and Authenticate Transactions

Verifying the identity of the parties involved in a transaction and ensuring the transaction itself is authentic are crucial steps to preventing money transfer scams. Scammers often rely on impersonation and fake transactions to deceive victims.

User Authentication at the Point of Purchase

Implementing strong user authentication methods at the point of purchase can significantly reduce fraud risk. This involves verifying the buyer's identity before completing the transaction.

Effective Authentication Methods:

  • Biometric Verification: Use biometric data, like fingerprints or facial recognition, for added security during transactions.
  • Secure Payment Gateways: Use secure payment gateways that offer robust authentication processes.
  • Verification Codes: Require verification codes sent to the user's mobile device or email before completing the purchase.

Be Cautious When Transferring Money

Exercising caution and diligence when transferring money is essential to avoid scams. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

  • Double-Check Recipient Details: Always double-check the recipient's information before starting a transfer. Make sure the name, account number, and routing or control number are accurate.
  • Avoid Public Wi-Fi: Only complete financial transactions on secure, private networks. Public Wi-Fi can be easily compromised by scammers.
  • Limit Transfer Amounts: If possible, limit how much money you transfer at once, especially when dealing with new or unknown parties.

Protect Your Bank Account

Protecting your bank account from unauthorized access is vital to preventing financial losses due to scams.

Security Measures:

  • Strong Passwords: Use complex, unique passwords for your bank accounts. Avoid easy-to-guess information, like birthdates or common words.
  • Regular Monitoring: Regularly monitor your bank statements and account activity for suspicious transactions.
  • Account Alerts: Set up account alerts to notify you of large withdrawals, suspicious activity, or login attempts from unrecognized devices.
  • Secure Devices: Make sure your devices are protected with up-to-date antivirus software and that you use secure browsers for online banking.

By following these guidelines and putting these security measures in place, you can significantly reduce your risk of falling victim to money transfer scams.

Recovering From a Money Transfer Scam

If you suspect you've fallen victim to a money transfer scam, it's crucial to act quickly to limit any potential damage and increase your chances of recovering lost funds. Here are the steps to take to address the situation:

What Are the Steps to Recover Funds From Money Transfer Scams?

Contact Your Bank Immediately

The first and most critical step to recovering from a money transfer scam is contacting your bank. Here's what to do:

  • Provide Details: Give your bank all the information about the transaction, including dates, amounts, and any communication with the scammer.
  • Request an Investigation: Ask the bank to investigate the transaction. They may have specific procedures for handling fraud cases.
  • Follow Up: Stay in regular contact with your bank to stay updated on the investigation's progress and any action they take.

Report to Authorities

  • File a Report: Report the scam to your local law enforcement agency. Give them all the details and any evidence you have.
  • Contact Federal Agencies: In the United States, report the scam to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). These agencies can help investigate the fraud and potentially recover funds.

Notify Your Employer

If the scam involves your workplace or business accounts, notify your employer right away. They may have additional resources or protocols to help mitigate the impact.

Monitor Your Accounts

  • Watch for Unauthorized Activity: Closely monitor your bank accounts and credit reports for any signs of unauthorized transactions or identity theft.
  • Set Up Alerts: Enable alerts on all financial accounts to get notified of any suspicious activity.

Change Security Details

  • Update Passwords: Change the passwords on all your financial accounts and any other accounts that may have been compromised.
  • Enable Two-Factor Authentication: Improve your account security by enabling two-factor authentication wherever possible.

Seek Professional Advice

  • Legal Advice: Consider consulting with an attorney specializing in financial fraud to understand your legal options and rights.
  • Financial Advisor: A financial advisor can help you assess the scam's impact on your finances and advise you on steps to prevent future occurrences.

By following these steps, you can take proactive measures to recover from a money transfer scam and protect yourself from future incidents. Staying informed is key to safeguarding your financial well-being in an increasingly digital world. Learn more about the immediate actions you can take if your account has been compromised

Conclusion

Money transfer scams are pervasive threats in today's digital landscape, targeting both individuals and businesses with sophisticated tactics. However, armed with knowledge and vigilance, you can protect yourself against these fraudulent schemes. By understanding common tactics, recognizing warning signs, and implementing preventive measures like verifying identities and protecting your bank accounts, you can significantly reduce your risk of falling victim to scams.

In the unfortunate event that you're scammed, quick action is crucial. Contact your bank immediately, report the scam to authorities, and monitor your accounts for unauthorized activity. By staying cautious and skeptical of unsolicited requests for money or personal information, you can navigate financial transactions with confidence and security.

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Living in the United States

How to Get a Driver’s License in the United States as a Foreign National

8 min de lectura

Driver’s license in the United States for foreign nationals: steps and requirements

Having a driver’s license makes everyday tasks easier, such as going to work, the supermarket, school, medical appointments, and more. This process is especially important for immigrants living in the United States, as it gives them independence and stability in the country.

Although the process to obtain a driver’s license varies in each state, foreign nationals do have the possibility and the right to obtain one. Below, we explain all the details so you can get this permit soon.

Can you drive with an international license in the United States?

If you have recently arrived in the United States and need to get around in your own car, you may temporarily use the driver’s license from your home country, as long as it is issued in English or accompanied by an international driving permit.

As a new driver in the United States, you must understand the difference between an international license and a local one: the former supplements your national license and allows you to drive in the U.S. for a few months; the latter is issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) in each state and grants you a permanent permit to operate a motor vehicle in the country.

Regulations differ in each state: for example, in California you can drive with a valid foreign license until you become a resident. In contrast, in Texas your national license is valid for 90 days, and you must always carry your passport or visa.

Allowed period to drive with a foreign license

The maximum time allowed to drive with a foreign license varies depending on each state’s local regulations. In general, the period can range from 30 days to one year, from the day you arrive until you establish yourself as a permanent resident.

When is it necessary to apply for a U.S. driver’s license?

If you plan to live in the United States for a longer period, you need a U.S. driver’s license to drive. It is also essential if you plan to buy a car.

Also, remember that in some states the period to drive with a foreign license is limited, so you should consider applying for a U.S. license before that deadline expires.

Requirements to obtain a driver’s license in the U.S. as a foreign national

The requirements to obtain a driver’s license also vary by state, although the general structure is similar.

This is the documentation needed to obtain a driving permit in the United States.

  • Valid passport or official identification: used as proof of identity.
  • Proof of residency: can be a utility bill, rental agreement, or official letter showing your address.
  • Immigration status or proof of legal presence: such as the Employment Authorization Document (EAD) or the I-20 form for students.
  • Social Security Number (SSN) or an SSA ineligibility letter.

Keep in mind that states such as New York and Illinois allow applicants to obtain a driver’s license without considering immigration status.

Learn here how to send money without a bank account.

5 steps to apply for your U.S. driver’s license

Getting your driver’s license may seem like a complex and tedious process. In reality, you only need to stay organized and take the time to understand the guidelines.

Step 1. Gather your documents

Before going to a DMV office, make sure to prepare the required documents. In the previous section we outlined what you generally need, but remember to check for variations in the state where you live.

Step 2. Schedule an appointment at the DMV

Then, visit the DMV website and book an appointment. On the scheduled day, your documents will be reviewed and you will be given a date for the written exam.

Step 3. Take the written exam

The written exam evaluates your knowledge of traffic rules and road safety. Each state offers a driver’s manual to study for the test, and some are available in other languages, such as Spanish.

If you pass, you will receive a learner’s permit that will allow you to take the driving test under the guidance of an instructor.

Step 4. Take the driving test

The next step is probably the most challenging, as you must apply your theoretical knowledge in real driving practice. During the test, the instructor will evaluate your ability to follow traffic signs, park, turn, and follow safety rules.

Step 5. Pay the corresponding fees

Once you pass your driving test, you must pay a fee that varies by state. Initially, you will receive a temporary license and later receive your permanent license by mail.

Costs, timelines, and validity of a U.S. driver’s license

The cost of a driver’s license in the United States depends on each state, but generally includes the cost of the written exam, driving test, and issuance. The validity also varies by state, but it is usually between 4 and 8 years.

Additionally, a positive update for immigrants is that more states are removing immigration status requirements to issue a driver’s license; this is the case in California, New York, and Illinois.

If you have questions about the specific requirements in your state, check the updates on the official DMV website.

Drive toward your financial independence with Comun

Having a U.S. driver’s license represents another step toward achieving financial independence and making it easier to move around your city. Therefore, it is essential to understand the process to obtain one, as well as the differences in each state.

In other words, having a license simplifies and improves your life by making everyday tasks more accessible. Likewise, Comun is the financial platform that helps you manage your money safely and without complications.

Open your account with Comun and take the next step toward your independence in the United States. Manage your money with confidence, clarity, and support at every step.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

If you still have questions, check the following section.

How long can I drive with my foreign license in the U.S.?

The duration varies depending on the state you are in, but generally ranges from three months to one year.

What happens if my immigration status changes after I obtain my license?

If your immigration status changes after you obtain your driver’s license, it is recommended to update your information at the DMV. You may need to apply for a new license or present updated immigration documentation.

Is it valid to use an international license in all states?

Although the international driving permit (IDP) is accepted in most states, it must be accompanied by a valid national license. Additionally, there may be restrictions on how long it can be used in each state.

Can I get a driver’s license without a Social Security Number (SSN)?

Yes, it is possible to apply for a driver’s license without an SSN in several states. In this case, you must present an ineligibility letter issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA).

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Community

What You Need to Open an Account at Comun¹ 2

8 min de lectura

Unmatched Ease of Opening an Account

Opening a checking account with Comun is simple and hassle-free, addressing the barriers to financial exclusion typically faced by the immigrant community. Accepting over 100 forms of identification², including social security numbers from Latin American countries, Comun ensures that immigrants have access to essential banking services. The application process is quick, taking less than 5 minutes, and is free of additional or hidden fees, minimum balance requirements or monthly commissions. This inclusiveness is central to Comun's mission of fostering financial stability and growth.

Mobile Deposit Options

ComunComun offers a convenient mobile deposit feature that allows users to deposit cash at more than 88,000 locations in the United States, including major retailers such as Walgreens, Dollar General and Walmart. This extensive network ensures that users can easily find a deposit location near them, making the process of adding money to their accounts simple and hassle-free.

Traditional Banking: Although many traditional banks offer mobile deposit options, they often restrict these to check deposits through a mobile app. Cash deposits typically require a visit to an ATM or bank branch, which can be less convenient and more time-consuming than Comun's extensive cash deposit network.

Utility in Today's World: In today's fast-paced environment, the flexibility to deposit cash in a wide range of accessible locations is invaluable, especially for individuals who may not have easy access to traditional banking services or who work non-traditional hours when banks are closed.

International Remittances

ComunComun excels in facilitating international remittances⁴, allowing users to send money abroad quickly and with lower fees compared to many traditional banks and remittance services. The process is enhanced with real-time notifications, keeping the sender informed from the moment the money is sent until it is received.

Traditional Banking: Traditional banks generally offer international transfer services, but these can be expensive and slow, with transfers sometimes taking several days to complete. In addition, the fees associated with traditional bank remittances can be significantly higher.

Usefulness in Today's World: In a globalized economy, the ability to send money across borders quickly and affordably is crucial. Many families rely on remittances for financial support, and businesses need efficient ways to handle international transactions. Comun's streamlined and cost-effective service effectively meets these modern demands.

Advance Salary Access

Comun: Comun offers the ability to connect wages to the application and receive payment up to two days in advance³. This feature incurs no additional fees, providing significant relief during financial emergencies or when planning ahead.

Traditional Banking: Some traditional banks have begun to offer similar features, but they are often tied to specific types of accounts or require a minimum balance. The accessibility and ease of use of early access to Comun's salary is not always matched in traditional environments.

Usefulness in Today's World: With the rise of gig economy jobs and irregular pay schedules, having early access to wages can provide a buffer against financial instability. This feature is particularly valuable for those living paycheck to paycheck, offering a cushion that can help avoid overdraft fees and late payments.

Unlike traditional banking institutions, Comun's innovative features are designed to meet the needs of today's diverse and mobile population, particularly benefiting the immigrant community in the U.S. By providing services that offer greater convenience, lower costs and greater accessibility, Comun not only addresses common challenges faced by its users, but also empowers them toward greater financial freedom and stability. As we move toward a more interconnected and fast-paced world, the importance of responsive and inclusive financial services continues to grow, something Comun is uniquely positioned to offer.

Robust Security and Customer Support

Security and customer support are paramount at Comun. With FDIC-insured accounts and Visa protection on virtual Visa debit card transactions, Comun customers can manage their funds with confidence. Innovative security features such as biometric logins and instant transaction notifications keep your money safe. In addition, Comun offers 24/7 customer support in English and Spanish, ensuring that help is always available in your preferred language.

Commitment to Zero Fees and Upward Mobility

Comun stands out not only for offering zero fees for account opening, monthly maintenance or minimum balances, but also for its commitment to helping its users move up the financial ladder. Comun acts as a financial partner, supporting financial transactions without the burden of excessive fees. This commitment aligns with the goal of enabling upward mobility for immigrants, who contribute significantly to the U.S. economy.

Customized Features and Benefits

Comun goes beyond traditional financial services by offering features designed to meet the unique needs of the immigrant community. Users can send money abroad with low or no fees, deposit cash at more than 88,000 locations nationwide, including free ATM withdrawals, and connect their accounts to popular payment apps such as Zelle, CashApp and Venmo. Comun's platform also allows customers to receive their paychecks up to two days early through direct deposit, further enhancing their financial flexibility and stability.

Conclusion

Comun is not just a financial services provider, but a platform dedicated to transforming the banking experience for immigrants in the U.S. With its user-focused design, commitment to financial freedom and robust features, Comun is destined to become a vital tool for achieving financial stability and growth for its users. Whether you are looking to manage your daily finances or send money to loved ones abroad quickly and securely, Comun offers a reliable, inclusive and efficient banking solution.

Foundational Moment: Did you know?

Founded by entrepreneurs Mark Selcow and Andres Santos in New York, Comun was built to empower families and enable upward mobility, particularly for the immigrant family. The company has garnered significant investment from prominent firms such as Costanoa Ventures, FJ Labs and South Park Commons, underscoring the tremendous opportunity to serve the financial needs of immigrant families and improve the lives of every individual.

Checking account

The Pros and Cons of Using Checks at Banks in the U.S. | Común

8 min de lectura

Cashing a Check at Your Own Bank

When it comes to cashing a check, one of the simplest options is visiting your own bank or financial institution. Here's a step-by-step process for depositing or cashing a check:

  1. Endorse the Check: Flip the check over and sign your name on the back in the area designated for endorsement. Make sure your signature matches what's on file with the bank.
  2. Visit Your Bank: Head to the local branch of the bank where you have an account. Bring a valid form of ID, like a driver's license or passport.
  3. Approach a Teller: Depending on your preference and the bank's options, you can present the check to a teller for processing or use an ATM equipped with check deposit functionality to get your money.
  4. Provide Necessary Information: If you're dealing with a teller, you may need to provide additional account information, like your account number, the issuing bank, and the check amount. For ATM deposits, follow the on-screen prompts to enter the relevant details.
  5. Confirm Deposit or Receive Cash: After processing, you'll receive confirmation of the deposit into your account or the cash in hand if you chose to cash the check.

'Cashing' a Check Electronically

Beyond traditional in-person methods, many banks offer electronic options for depositing checks. This convenient approach lets you deposit checks without visiting physical locations or even cash checks without ID. Here's how it works:

  • Mobile Deposit: Most banks provide a mobile app that lets you deposit checks using your smartphone or tablet. Simply endorse the check, take photos of the front and back, and submit them through the app.
  • Online Banking: Some banks offer online banking portals where you can scan and upload images of checks for deposit. This method generally follows steps similar to mobile deposit and is accessible through a web browser.
  • Electronic Funds Transfer: In some cases, you may have the option to electronically transfer a check's funds directly to your account without needing physical processing.

Pros and Cons of Checking Accounts

Checking accounts serve as the hub for many financial transactions, offering both benefits and drawbacks. Understanding these pros and cons is crucial to effectively managing your resources.

Advantages of Having a Checking Account

  • Convenience: Checking accounts provide a convenient way to access and manage your funds for everyday expenses, like paying bills and making purchases with a debit card.
  • Writing Checks: With a checking account, you can issue checks to people or businesses, offering a secure, traceable payment method.
  • Direct Deposit: Many employers offer direct deposit, letting your paychecks be automatically deposited into your checking account, providing quick access to money.
  • Online Banking: Most banks offer online banking services for checking accounts, letting you monitor account activity, transfer money, and pay bills from the comfort of home or on the go.
  • Overdraft Protection: Some checking accounts come with overdraft protection options, which can help prevent declined transactions and fees in the event of insufficient funds.

Disadvantages or Limitations of Checking Accounts

  • Fees: Some checking and money market accounts may have monthly maintenance fees, overdraft fees, limited withdrawals, or ATM fees, which can reduce your balance if not carefully managed.
  • Minimum Balance Requirements: Certain checking accounts require you to maintain a minimum balance to avoid fees, which can be a challenge for those living paycheck to paycheck.
  • Limited Interest: While some checking accounts offer interest on balances, rates are typically lower compared to savings accounts, resulting in minimal earnings on your deposits.
  • Fraud Risk: Issuing checks or using a debit card linked to your checking account exposes you to the risk of fraud or unauthorized transactions, requiring vigilance and prompt reporting of any suspicious activity.

By carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of checking accounts and considering key factors when selecting the right account, you can effectively manage your finances and get the most out of your banking experience.

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Where to Cash a Check

When it comes to cashing a check, you have several options available, ranging from a traditional bank to a retail store. However, not all locations are equal, and it's essential to weigh the pros and cons of each option before making a decision.

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  • Banks: Your bank is often the simplest option for cashing a check. You can visit a branch or use an ATM equipped with check deposit functionality. Many banks and credit unions also offer mobile deposit options, letting you deposit checks using your smartphone.
  • Retail Stores: Some retail stores, like supermarkets, convenience stores, and big-box retailers, offer check-cashing services for a fee. This can be a convenient option if you don't have a bank account or need access to cash outside of banking hours.
  • Check-Cashing Stores: Dedicated check-cashing stores specialize in cashing checks for a fee. While these establishments provide quick access to cash, their fees can be higher compared to other options, reducing the amount you receive.
  • Prepaid Debit Card: Certain prepaid debit cards let you load checks onto the card electronically, providing instant access to funds. This can be a convenient option if you regularly use prepaid cards for financial transactions.

Where to Avoid Cashing a Check Due to Potential Fees or Limitations

  • Payday Lenders: Avoid cashing checks at payday loan establishments, since they often charge exorbitant fees and may engage in predatory lending practices.
  • Pawn Shops: While some pawn shops offer check-cashing services, their fees can be high, and they may require collateral or impose additional charges and higher costs to cover transactions.
  • High-Fee Retailers: Be careful when cashing checks at retailers that charge high fees for the service, since these fees can significantly reduce the amount of cash you receive.

When deciding where to cash a check, consider factors like convenience, fees, and access to money. Choose a reputable establishment and service with transparent fee structures to make sure you get the most value from your check-cashing experience.

Comparing Checking and Savings Accounts

Understanding the differences between checking and savings accounts is crucial for effective financial management. Here's a concise comparison:

Interest Rates and Benefits of Savings Accounts

  • Interest Rates: A savings account generally offers higher interest rates compared to a checking account, making it ideal for growing your money over time.
  • Benefits:
  • Goal-Oriented Saving: Savings accounts are great for setting aside funds for specific goals.
  • Safety Net: They provide a financial cushion for unexpected expenses.
  • Access to Funds: While there may be a limit on withdrawals, savings accounts offer relatively easy access to your money.

Considerations for Having Both Accounts at the Same Bank

  • Convenience: Managing both a savings and checking account at the same bank offers ease in transferring money, viewing balances, and accessing statement cycles and bundled services.
  • Relationship Benefits: Some banks or credit unions offer perks for customers with multiple accounts, like higher interest rates or waived fees.
  • Simplified Experience: Consolidating a savings and checking account simplifies banking tasks like bill payments and money transfers.
  • Diversification: However, having accounts at different banks provides diversification and can mitigate risks associated with a single financial institution.

Ultimately, the decision to have a savings and checking account at the same bank or spread across multiple financial institutions depends on your preferences, financial goals, and banking needs.

Loading a Check Onto a Prepaid Card

Loading a check onto a prepaid card is a convenient alternative to traditional banking methods, offering flexibility and accessibility for people who may not have or prefer not to use traditional accounts. Let's briefly break down the process and considerations associated with this method.

Prepaid Cards and Their Suitability

  • Prepaid Cards: Reloadable payment cards not linked to traditional bank accounts.
  • Loading Checks: Prepaid card providers offer options to load checks electronically through mobile apps or online portals.
  • Suitability: Ideal for those without a bank account or who prefer alternative financial services.

Pros and Cons of Using Prepaid Cards

Pros:

  • Accessibility and convenience for loading checks.
  • Control over spending and security features.

Cons:

  • Monthly fees for various transactions.
  • Limited features compared to traditional bank accounts.
  • Reload limits and lack of FDIC insurance.

Consider the convenience and accessibility of prepaid cards for check transactions, keeping in mind the associated fees and limitations.

You Can Open a Checking Account With Común Right Now!

Open your checking account¹ in 3 minutes with your country's ID²

Open your account

Conclusion

Navigating the check banking landscape today requires a balanced understanding of the advantages and disadvantages inherent to this payment method. While checks offer flexibility and accessibility, they also come with potential fees and security risks. By weighing the pros and cons outlined in this article and exploring alternative banking options, people can make informed decisions to optimize their financial and cash management strategies.

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International Money Transfers

Alternatives for Sending Packages to Mexico from the United States

8 min de lectura

How to Send Packages from the United States to Mexico Without Complications

Being far from family and friends is one of the main challenges faced by immigrants living in the United States. Fortunately, sending mail is a way to maintain the bond with loved ones across borders.

In the United States there are several options for sending packages to Mexico. Below we explain the features of each service so you can choose the one that best fits your budget and needs.

Main Package Delivery Services from the United States to Mexico

There are two shipping options from the United States to Mexico: through USPS or private courier companies.

United States Postal Service (USPS)

These are the main United States Postal Service (USPS) shipping services and their characteristics. Please refer to their website for the most up-to-date information. 

Priority Mail Express

  • Delivery prices: starting at approximately $59.50 for standard international services.
  • Time: 3–5 business days.
  • Main features: offers express international delivery service, full tracking and limited insurance for certain types of packages.

Priority Mail

  • Delivery prices: starting at $30.90 for standard international shipments.
  • Time: 6–10 business days.
  • Main features: offers full tracking and moderate prices. Ideal for medium-sized packages that need to be delivered quickly.

First-Class Mail

  • Delivery prices: starting at $14.05 for envelopes.
  • Time: varies between 7 and 20 business days depending on customs processing.
  • Main features: an economical service ideal for sending documents and envelopes. In many cases tracking is only available until the package leaves the United States.

Private Courier Companies

There are also private courier company alternatives that offer excellent service and additional shipping options. Please refer to each courier’s website for most up-to-date information.

FedEx

  • Delivery prices: rates vary by package size, but they offer flat rates for packages up to 15 kilograms and an additional charge for extra weight.
  • Time: 3–5 days for express service.
  • Main features: international coverage with home delivery and includes customs paperwork.

UPS

  • Delivery prices: variable rates depending on package size and weight.
  • Time: 2–5 business days.
  • Main features: online tools for quoting and tracking packages plus strong presence in the United States.

DHL

  • Delivery prices: international shipments starting at $50.
  • Time: 2–5 business days with express service.
  • Main features: international presence, fast home-delivery service and online rate calculator.

Below is a comparison table to help you view the information more clearly.

Company

Type of Service

Estimated Cost

Average Time

USPS

Priority Mail Express

From $59.50

3–5 business days

USPS

Priority Mail

From $30.90

6–10 business days

USPS

First-Class Mail

From $14.05 for envelopes

7–20 business days

FedEx

International Express Service

Prices vary depending on size and weight

3–5 business days

UPS

International Express Service

Prices vary depending on size and weight

2–5 business days

DHL

International Express Service

Prices vary depending on size and weight

2–5 business days

Factors That Affect the Price and Delivery Time of Your Package

As seen in the previous section, it is impossible to precisely estimate the shipping cost and time for each courier service from the U.S. to Mexico. Several factors influence the final result, explained below.

Package Weight and Size

This is the main factor that affects the final cost of an international shipment — the heavier and bulkier the package, the higher the rate. Also check whether the company has a maximum shipping weight.

ZIP Code and Destination Location

The final destination also matters. Sending a package to Mexico City is usually cheaper than to a rural area.

Type of Service Selected

Express or priority shipping services are faster and therefore more expensive.

Peak Seasons and Holidays

If you ship during Christmas, New Year or high-demand dates, expect possible delays or extra costs.

What Do You Need to Send Packages from the United States to Mexico?

Before going to your preferred shipping carrier’s office, make sure all information is ready to avoid delays and ensure your package reaches your loved ones without issues.

Step 1. Check Customs Restrictions

Make sure your package does not contain restricted items for entry into Mexico, such as perishable food, flammable liquids or counterfeit goods. If unsure, check customs rules.

Step 2. Pack and Label Your Package Properly

Use a proper box or purchase one at the post office. If the contents are fragile, protect them well and place the label correctly when closing the box.

Step 3. Verify the Recipient’s Information and ZIP Code

Double-check as many times as needed that recipient details (name, ZIP code, neighborhood) are accurate. Even small errors can send a package to the wrong place.

Step 4. Keep Your Tracking Number and Shipping Receipt

Finally, keep the tracking number and receipt; they let you track the package and clarify any issues if needed.

Tips to Save Money and Time on Your International Shipments

We understand how important it is for immigrants to send packages to Mexico from the United States. More than a packaged product, it represents birthday gifts, greetings from afar, and fulfilled dreams for the people you love most.

That’s why it’s important to follow these tips when sending a package to Mexico.

  • Compare prices before shipping: remember that some services offer a flat rate, but the final cost depends on weight and size.
  • Avoid weekends or holidays: in addition to being more expensive, shipping may face delays.
  • Take advantage of promotions or loyalty programs: stay attentive to promotions offered by postal companies.
  • Group shipments whenever possible: try sending several items in the same shipment instead of one by one.

Send Packages to Mexico and Manage Your Finances with Común

Sending packages to your loved ones in Mexico is a way to show them they’re still important to you. That’s why planning your shipments—and your finances—is essential.

Get to know Común, the digital platform that helps immigrants manage their money in the most accessible way, as you can open an account using a qualifying official identification from your home country.

Just as your packages travel with care, Común supports your financial well-being.

Open your account with Común and stay connected with your loved ones through remittances.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

If you still have questions, check the following section.

How long does a shipment from the United States to Mexico take?

It depends on the courier company, but in general, an express service takes 3 to 5 business days.

How do I track my package?

When you send your package, you’ll receive a tracking number so you can follow it until it reaches its destination. Some courier options only provide tracking until it leaves the United States.

What is the most economical way to send a package to Mexico?

The USPS First-Class Package International Service is ideal for economical shipments, though the delivery time is usually longer.

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Immigration

Bank Fees for Immigrants: Common vs. Competitors

8 min de lectura

For immigrants in the U.S., bank fees can amount to hundreds of dollars a year. Común stands out by offering a monthly-fee-free account, no minimum balance, and no SSN requirement. Compared with competitors like Seis and Majority, Común eliminates fixed fees while still providing full services in Spanish.

Choosing the right bank account can save you hundreds of dollars a year. For the immigrant community in the U.S., comparing fees is especially important because many traditional accounts charge fees that directly affect the monthly budget. We analyzed the main options available.

Fees at Traditional Banks

Major U.S. banks such as Bank of America, Chase, and Wells Fargo charge between $6 and $25 per month to maintain a checking account, with minimum balance requirements of $1,500 to $25,000 to avoid those fees. They also charge overdraft fees ($35 per transaction), out-of-network ATM withdrawal fees ($2.50-$5 per withdrawal), and international transfer fees ($25-$45 per wire transfer). For a newly arrived immigrant without credit history or a high balance, these costs add up quickly.

Común: No-Fee Account for Immigrants

Común offers a checking account with no monthly fee, no minimum balance required, and no overdraft penalty in many cases. It does not require an SSN — it accepts a passport, consular ID, and more than 100 Latin American IDs. Customer service is completely in Spanish. Account opening takes minutes from a mobile phone. It allows instant domestic transfers at no cost between Común users. It is the option designed specifically for the Latino community in the U.S.

Majority: Monthly Membership with International Benefits

Majority charges $5.99 per month as a base membership (down from $14.99). In return, it offers unlimited international calls to selected countries, roaming mobile data in more than 50 countries, and discounts at participating merchants. If you actively use international calling and travel benefits, the membership may be worth it. However, if you only need a basic bank account, you are paying for services you may not use.

Seis: Account for Visa Workers

Seis is designed for expats and visa workers in the U.S. It offers an account without an SSN using a visa and passport. Fees vary by plan: the basic account has limits on the number of free transactions. It is more geared toward professionals with work visas (H-1B, L-1) than the immigrant community at large. Its interface is available in multiple languages, including Spanish.

Direct Fee Comparison

In terms of monthly fee, Común charges $0, Majority charges $5.99/month, and traditional banks charge between $6 and $25. The minimum balance requirement is $0 at Común, $0 at Majority, and between $1,500 and $25,000 at traditional banks. Regarding SSN requirement, Común does not require it, Majority does not either, while traditional banks generally do. All three have FDIC or equivalent deposit protection.

Which Option Is Best for You?

If you are looking for the account with the lowest total fees and do not need unlimited international calls, Común is the most economical option. If you travel frequently or call abroad often, Majority’s membership may be worth it. Traditional banks only make sense if you already have the required minimum balance or if you need specific services such as mortgages or investment accounts.

Frequently Asked Questions About Bank Fees

What bank fees are most common in the U.S.?

The most common are: monthly maintenance fee ($6-$25), overdraft fee ($35 per transaction), out-of-network ATM fee ($2.50-$5), and international wire transfer fees ($25-$45). Digital banks like Común eliminate most of these fees.

Can I avoid bank fees at a traditional bank?

Yes, usually by maintaining a monthly minimum balance (which varies by bank and account type), receiving direct payroll deposit, or being a student. However, for immigrants without credit history or with variable income, meeting these requirements can be difficult at first.

Are ATM fees unavoidable?

No. Multiple digital banks offer free access to ATM networks (Allpoint, MoneyPass) with thousands of fee-free locations across the U.S. Común provides access to fee-free ATMs within its network. Outside the network, typical charges are $2.50-$5 from the ATM plus whatever your bank charges.

What is an overdraft fee and how can I avoid it?

An overdraft fee occurs when you spend more money than you have in your account and the bank covers the difference by charging you a penalty (typically $35). You can avoid it by activating low-balance alerts, linking a savings account as backup, or choosing a bank that does not charge overdraft fees — some digital accounts decline the transaction instead of charging a penalty.

Is it worth paying a monthly membership for a bank account?

It depends on the included benefits. A $5.99-$14.99 monthly membership may be worth it if it includes services you actively use (international calling, travel insurance, cashback). If you only need an account for deposits, payments, and transfers, a free account like Común is more cost-effective.

Checking account

Open an Online Banking Account

8 min de lectura

Opening an online banking account is very easy these days. We’ll show you the key factors you should consider when choosing the digital bank that best fits your profile, since there are multiple options on the market. We’ll also explain how to open an online account effectively.

Opening an online banking account in the U.S. can be done in minutes from your cell phone. All you need is a valid ID, a U.S. phone number, and your address. Platforms like Común do not require an SSN and accept more than 100 Latin American IDs, making the process accessible for immigrants from day one.

What is online banking and what are its advantages?

Online banking consists of managing your money and carrying out financial transactions through the internet or a mobile app, without needing to visit a physical bank branch. This includes checking your balance, making transfers, paying bills, depositing checks, and more.

The main advantages are 24/7 availability, access from anywhere, no lines or office hours, and generally lower fees than traditional banks because they do not have physical infrastructure costs.

How to choose the best online bank for you

Not all online banks are the same, especially for immigrants. The most important factors to consider are:

  • Opening requirements: do they ask for an SSN? Do they accept a passport or consular ID?
  • Fees: monthly fee, minimum balance, ATM charges
  • Language: do they offer support in Spanish?
  • Security: is it backed by the FDIC?
  • Features: Zelle, direct deposit, remittances, virtual card

Steps to open an online banking account

The general process for opening an online banking account in the U.S. is as follows:

  1. Download the chosen bank’s app
  2. Provide your full name, date of birth, and address
  3. Upload a photo of your ID (passport, national ID, consular ID)
  4. Verify your phone number with an SMS code
  5. Accept the terms and conditions
  6. Receive approval (usually instant or within minutes)
  7. Request your debit card and start using your account

Open an account without an SSN: options for immigrants

Many traditional banks require an SSN to open an account. However, Común allows you to open an account with a passport, consular ID, or other forms of Latin American identification. There is no minimum balance, no monthly fee, and the process is completely in Spanish. The account includes a VISA debit card, early direct deposit, and remittances starting at $2.99.

Frequently asked questions about opening an online banking account

Can I open an online bank account without going to a branch?

Yes. Digital banks like Común let you open an account 100% online from your phone, without visiting any branch. All you need is your ID and a U.S. phone number. The process takes about 3 minutes, and approval is instant in most cases.

What documents do I need to open an online bank account in the U.S.?

It depends on the bank. Traditional banks generally ask for an SSN or ITIN, photo ID, and proof of address. Común accepts more than 100 Latin American IDs — passport, consular ID, national ID — without needing an SSN or minimum balance. You only need a U.S. phone number and your current official identification.

Are online banking accounts safe?

Yes, if they are backed by the FDIC. Regulated digital banks in the U.S. offer the same level of protection as traditional banks: up to $250,000 per account holder insured federally. They also use SSL encryption, two-factor authentication, and anti-fraud systems. Común operates through Community Federal Savings Bank, an FDIC member.

Can I have more than one online bank account at the same time?

Yes, there is no legal limit. Many people have accounts at multiple banks: for example, one for everyday spending and another for savings. You can have a Común account for day-to-day use in the U.S. and keep your account in your home country to receive funds when you travel.

How long does it take for an online bank account to be activated?

Most digital banks approve the account within minutes. The physical card arrives by mail in 5-10 business days. However, the virtual card is available as soon as you are approved, allowing you to make online purchases or add the card to Apple Pay or Google Pay right away.

Can I receive my paycheck in an online banking account?

Yes. All online banking accounts that have a routing number and account number accept payroll direct deposit. Común has its own routing number and lets you generate a pre-filled form to give to your employer. Many digital accounts also advance the deposit up to 2 days before the official date.

Financial Education

What is the FDIC?

8 min de lectura

The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) protects bank deposits in the U.S. up to $250,000 per depositor, per ownership category, in case the bank fails. Común deposits are protected up to that amount through Community Federal Savings Bank (CFSB), Member FDIC.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a government agency that insures consumer deposits at FDIC-insured banks. This means that if your bank fails, the FDIC will reimburse your lost deposits.

The FDIC was created in 1933 in response to the bank failures of the Great Depression. More than 1,300 banks failed between 1929 and 1933, causing many people to lose their money. It's a self-funded government agency, meaning it gets its funding from the banks it insures.

The FDIC insures consumer deposits up to $250,000 per account. This includes deposit accounts and savings accounts, as well as money market accounts.

The advantages of FDIC insurance are:

  • Your deposits are guaranteed up to $250,000 per account
  • You can access your money at any time — 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
  • Your money is safe even if your bank fails
  • Your bank doesn't have to be located in your city or state
  • There's no fee to join the FDIC or for your bank to be FDIC-insured
  • The FDIC has existed since 1933 and has never failed to reimburse depositors

If you're interested in opening an account at an FDIC-insured bank, visit the FDIC website and use the bank finder tool to locate one near you. Some of the most popular FDIC-protected banks include:

  1. Bank of America
  2. JPMorgan Chase
  3. Citigroup
  4. Wells Fargo
  5. Capital One
  6. HSBC
  7. Ally Bank
  8. SunTrust Bank
  9. PNC Bank

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What is the FDIC?

It's a U.S. government agency that insures deposits at member banks, protecting account holders in case the financial institution fails.

How much does the FDIC protect?

Up to $250,000 per depositor, per ownership category, at each insured bank.

Is my money in Común protected by the FDIC?

Yes. Deposits in your Común account are protected up to $250,000 through Community Federal Savings Bank (CFSB), Member FDIC.

Frequently asked questions

What happens to my money if the bank fails?

If the bank is FDIC-insured, your deposits are protected up to $250,000 per ownership category.

Do all banks have FDIC protection?

Not all — verify the institution is FDIC-insured before depositing your money.

Is Común a bank?

No, Común is a financial technology company; banking services are provided by Community Federal Savings Bank, Member FDIC.

Do I need to do anything to get FDIC protection?

No, protection automatically applies to deposits at FDIC member banks.

Does FDIC protection cover investments or just deposits?

It only covers deposits (checking, savings, CDs) — it doesn't cover investments like stocks or funds.

How do I check if my money is protected?

Look for the "Member FDIC" logo or mention in your account's terms or your provider's app.

Cuatro personas sonrientes abrazadas de cerca, mostrando alegría y amistad.
Mujer sonriente con camiseta blanca, sentada al aire libre con árboles y luz solar de fondo.
Hombre sonriendo con gorra y camiseta gris, sentado en un establo junto a un cubo azul.
Mujer joven con camisa rosa ajustando un auricular mientras mira un teléfono móvil frente a una pared marrón.
Familia sonriente con dos niñas vestidas con vestidos a cuadros sentados juntos en un patio soleado.
Mujer con guantes y protector facial manipulando masa para tortillas al aire libre.
Niña pequeña mirando a la cámara con dos mujeres sonrientes detrás, al aire libre con fondo de muro blanco.

Thousands of immigrants are already achieving more with their money. You can too.